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Early Astronomers and Space

Early Astronomers and Space. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). Greek Believed the universe is spherical and finite Planets center around the Earth His theory that the sun and planets revolve and are centered around the Earth is called Geocentric

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Early Astronomers and Space

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  1. Early Astronomers and Space

  2. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) • Greek • Believed the universe is spherical and finite • Planets center around the Earth • His theory that the sun and planets revolve and are centered around the Earth is called Geocentric • Successfully explained the phases of the moon and eclipses

  3. Ptolemy (87-150) • Greek • Wrote a book stating that he also believed Aristotle's theory • Also thought that the Earth was the center of the universe (geocentric) • Thought the order started with the Earth which he said was the center. Then Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and then Saturn • This theory was accepted for 1500 years

  4. Copernicus (1473-1543) • Polish • First to say that the sun was the center of the universe • His theory stated that Earth and all planets revolve around the sun in a circular path. • He was correct except that the planets revolve in an ellipse (oval) path not circular discovered by Kepler (German). • The theory that the planets are centered around the sun is called heliocentric. We still believe this theory today.

  5. Galileo ( 1564-1642) • Italian • Agreed with Copernicus’s heliocentric theory and improved the telescope • Observed the moon’s surface and discovered that our moon has craters • Observed Jupiter's moon

  6. Kepler (1571-1630) • German • Three laws of motion explained how the planets circled the sun • Planets revolve around the sun in an ellipse (oval) path

  7. Newton (1643-1727) • English • Created a new and improved telescope • Suggested that gravity determined the planet’s orbits around the sun.

  8. Hubble (1889-1953) • American • Invented the Hubble Space Telescope • Observed hundreds of billions of galaxies

  9. Helpful Vocabulary • Revolution- A planets orbit around the sun • Rotation- The spinning of a planet on it’s imaginary axis. • Gravity- The force of attraction between two bodies. • Atmosphere- The gaseous mass surrounding a planet.

  10. Inner Planets • Located inside the asteroid belt- • Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars • Rocky planets are sometimes called terrestrials

  11. Outer Planets • Located outside the asteroid belt- • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto • Also known as the gas giants except Pluto. • Pluto is closer to the rocky inner planets in composition.

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