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Astronomers Learn to Work in Space

Astronomers Learn to Work in Space. Detectors Pointing and Stability Data Storage Contamination Thermal Control Background radiation. Technical Challenges. V-2 Rocket October 10, 1946 Ultraviolet spectrum of sun 340 nm – 240 nm Bead entrance UV film. First Astronomy from Space.

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Astronomers Learn to Work in Space

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  1. Astronomers Learn to Work in Space

  2. Detectors Pointing and Stability Data Storage Contamination Thermal Control Background radiation Technical Challenges

  3. V-2 Rocket October 10, 1946 Ultraviolet spectrum of sun 340 nm – 240 nm Bead entrance UV film First Astronomy from Space

  4. Aerobee

  5. Geiger counters Proportional counters Solid state detectors Scintillation detectors X-ray and Gamma Ray Detectors

  6. Explorer 11(1961)

  7. Rotating Grating Spark Chamber Cerenkov counter Grazing Incidence telescope X-ray and Gamma RayImagers

  8. Rotating Grating

  9. Spark Chamber

  10. Small Astronomical Satellites • Three unstabilized survey satellites • SAS A (Uhuru) – Rotating Grating • SAS B – spark chamber • SAS C tandem proportional counters

  11. Grazing Incidence

  12. Orbiting Solar Observatory8 launches: 1962-1971

  13. OSO 1

  14. Film Photomultipliers Vidicons SEC Vidicons IPCS Digicons CCDs Optical and UV Detectors

  15. Balloons

  16. Human Assisted Missions • Gemini – hand-held near UV spectrograph • Apollo – Spectrometer on moon • Skylab – ATM, Small UV spectrograph, various X-ray experiments • Spartan • Spacelab

  17. Airplanes

  18. Orbiting Astronomical Observatory

  19. 3 rate gyros + high trust jets to slow tumble at launch <0.75o/s 3 wide-angle solar cells + gyros to orient satellite to sun-line 8 10o solar cells to orient satellite within 0.25o 6 star trackers (f.o.v. =1o) set to pick up at least 3 stars no fainter than magnitude 2 within 15 arc sec of predicted position Bore-sight star tracker to 2arcsec Fine rate gyros counteract drift Electro-magnets interact with terrestrial field to unload fine gyros with gas jets only a backup OAO Pointing Systems

  20. Magnetic core memory 100 kbits Analog data could be transmitted in real time only 40-foot dishes in Quito and Santiago 85-foot dish in Rosman, NC Commands transmitted to stations and data returned by teletype Microwave link available between control station at Goddard and Rosman Automatic safe mode if commands discrepant Data Handling for OAO

  21. OAO A: Standard quartz mirrors OAO B: Be mirror OAO C: Egg-crate quartz mirror OAO Mirrors

  22. Detectors: Bolometer Solid state Heterodyne Survey Satellite: IRAS (1983) Infrared Observations

  23. IRAS Focal Plane

  24. Two V antennas each with 229m arms 37m dipole 1968: Earth orbiter 1973: Lunar orbiter Radio Astronomy Explorer

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