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I enjoyed the exhibits at the Burke Museum.

I enjoyed the exhibits at the Burke Museum. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree. THOUGHTS?. Review where we are in the course Exponential vs. linear growth Explore: Top Carnivore: Friend or Foe Food chains Food Webs Bioaccumulation

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I enjoyed the exhibits at the Burke Museum.

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  1. I enjoyed the exhibits at the Burke Museum. • Strongly Agree • Agree • Neutral • Disagree • Strongly Disagree

  2. THOUGHTS?

  3. Review where we are in the course Exponential vs. linear growth Explore: Top Carnivore: Friend or Foe Food chains Food Webs Bioaccumulation Competitor or friend of conservation Readings: Yellowstone Story Lecture on Conservation Concept of Shrinking Expectations Top Carnivore - Friend or Foe

  4. A SAND COUNTY ALMANACALDO LEOPOLD “I now suspect that just as a deer herd lives in mortal fear of its wolves, so does a mountain live in mortal fear or its deer.”

  5. 7 Answer Now! Pick an option for your summer job (50 days) • $0.01, $0.02, $0.04, $0.08, etc. • $100.00, $100.00, $100.00, $100.00

  6. Outcome • Day 20: $100 person = $2000 ($100) • Day 20: Penny person = $10,486 ($5243) • Day 50: 11.259 trillion dollars

  7. 1968: Garrett Hardin freaks out

  8. Linear vs. exponential growth (or decay) • Exponential: Nt = Noekt • No - initial quantity • t - time • Nt - quantity after time to • k - constant • e - exponential function (e is the base of the natural log) • Linear: Nt = N0*t http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/decay/decay.htm

  9. Illustration/Reference With each time interval: Linear: increases by 2 (+ 2) Exponential: doubles (*2) Population Growth: Has been exponential Population Growth is a function of a number of parameters http://www.watersfoundation.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.main

  10. Please make your selection... • 10th day • 25th day • 50th day • 99th day

  11. Food Chains, Food Webs, Trophic Levels, Bioaccumulation • Obey 1st & 2nd laws of Thermodynamics • Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only its form can change. • Conversion of energy is inefficient • Main source of energy is the sun. • Role of biogeochemical cycles. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/F/FoodChains.html

  12. Detritus or Decomposition Chain Compounds from Biogeochemical cycles Producers Trophic Pyramid Top Carnivores • Very simple diagram • 10% rule Omnivores Herbivores • Connections between levels: chain or web

  13. Food Web Example

  14. Bioaccumulation • As a consequence of energy flow through a food chain (i.e., you must eat a lot!), certain compounds can accumulate. • Examples • Fat soluble compounds • DDT • Tetra-ethyl lead • Methyl mercury • Dioxin • PCBs 160 19 10 8 .00001

  15. Foe “Killing sea lions will not save Columbia River salmon” By John Balzar Special to The Times February 7, 2008 Friend • Reading for Today • Wolves in Yellowstone & Cougars in Zion N Park Top Carnivores: Friend or Foe

  16. Foe • • Shared space • • Status • • Fear • • Competition • • Food • • Space • • Example with sea lions

  17. 9 Answer Now! Which of the following statements is false. • Wolves were extirpated in 1926 • Beavers returned after wolves returned • Elk browsing increases aspens & willows • Rivers became incised with elk browsing • Wolves are carnivores & predators

  18. The paper argues top carnivores can be critical in the maintenance of biodiversity. • True • False

  19. Impact is a trophic cascade! http://www.forestry.oregonstate.edu/aspen/

  20. TROPHIC CASCADE • The progression of indirect effects by predators across successively lower trophic levels

  21. Visuals W.J. Ripple photographs, OSU

  22. Impact is a trophic cascade!

  23. Zion National Park, Utah

  24. KEYSTONE SPECIES • Disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance • Help to determine the type and number of other species • Verses foundation species and apex predator

  25. Summary: Top Carnivores • Exponential vs. linear changes • First and second laws of thermodynamics • Energy from the sun • Biogeochemical Cycles • Food chains, webs, trophic cascades, bioaccumulation • Foundation for Conservation Biology • Fundamental changes in how we think!

  26. Current Condition or state Historical Condition or state Future Condition or state Concept of Shrinking Expectations Russell Jim

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