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Lino Miramonti Milano University and INFN sez. Milano

European underground laboratories: An overview. Lino Miramonti Milano University and INFN sez. Milano. LRT 2004 - Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques (Sudbury, Canada ) December 12-14, 2004. Boulby Mine. Frejus. Canfranc. Gran Sasso.

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Lino Miramonti Milano University and INFN sez. Milano

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  1. European underground laboratories: An overview. Lino Miramonti Milano University and INFN sez. Milano LRT 2004 - Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques(Sudbury, Canada)December 12-14, 2004

  2. Boulby Mine Frejus Canfranc Gran Sasso

  3. LNGS - Laboratori Nazionali delGran Sasso, Italy

  4. 3 main halls A B C 100 x 18 m2 (h.20 m)

  5. Backgrounds & Facilities @ LNGS (Gran Sasso) Low-level radioactivity measurements issues: • Material selection and sample measurements (HPGe) • Background characterization of halls A,B,C with portable HPGe detector (Gamma spectrometry and directional photon flux) • Radiocarbon and tritium measurements (Radiodating Laboratory) • Radon groundwater monitoring (Environmental and geophysical monitoring of the Gran Sasso aquifer) • Development and characterization of new detectors (for nuclear spectrometry of environmental radioactivity)

  6. LABORATORY FOR LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS Present: 32 m2 on one floor in service tunnel Future: 60 m2 distributed on three floors in hall A GeMPI HPGe Hall (32 m2 floor)

  7. Experiments @ LNGS (Gran Sasso) Completed experiments Atm ν, Monopoles MACRO (Streamer tubes + Liquid scintillators) Solar neutrinos GALLEX / GNO (~ 30 T Gallium radiochemical detector) ββ Heidelberg-Moscow (~ 11 kg enriched 76Ge detectors) Mibeta (~ 7 kg Bolometers TeO2) Dark Matter DAMA (~100 kg NaI detectors) MI-Beta Macro bb H-M Gallex - GNO

  8. Experiments @ LNGS (Gran Sasso) Running experiments ββ Cuoricino (~ 41 kg TeO2 crystals) Dark Matter CRESST (Sapphire cryodetector & CaWO4 crystals (phonons+scintillation)) LIBRA (~ 250 kg NaI crystals) HDMS / Genius-TF (Ge detector 73Ge enriched) Supernova neutrinos LVD (Streamer tubes + Liquid scintillator) Nuclear astrophysics LUNA (Accelerator) LUNA LIBRA HDMS LVD Cuoricino CRESST

  9. Experiments @ LNGS (Gran Sasso) Under construction CERN-GS beam ν OPERA (Emulsion) ICARUS (~ 600 T Liquid Argon) Solar Neutrinos Borexino (~ 300 T Liquid scintillator) Borexino Planned & proposed ββ CUORE (~ 750 kg Te02) GERDA (76Ge) Nuclear astrophysics LUNA-III Gravitational waves LISA R&D Dark matter Liquid Xe / Liquid Ar OPERA ICARUS

  10. LSM - Laboratoire Souterrainde Modane, France

  11. 1 Main hall 30 x 10m2 (h 11m) + gamma spectr. hall(70 m2) + 2 secondary hallsof 18 m2 and 21 m2

  12. Backgrounds & Facilities @ LSM (Modane) • 13 HPGe from 6 different laboratoris of CNRS and CEA are available at LSM • Material selection for fundamental physics • Samples measurement for environmental control, earth science, archeology, biology, dating measurement. HPGe dedicated to Edelweiss exp. background count rate [d-1 kg-1Ge] 212 ± 4 for E > 30 keV HPGe

  13. Experiments @ LSM (Modane) Completed experiments p decay & Atm ν Frejus proton decay exp (Fe and flash chamber). ββ NEMO-I (prototype NemoIII) NEMO-II (prototype NemoIII) TGV (Stack of Ge detectors with sheets of DBD candidates) Dark Matter EDELWEISS-I (1 kg Ge bolometer heat+ionization) EDELWEISS I Running experiments and Under construction ββ NEMO-III (Tracking + calorimeter) Dark Matter EDELWEISS-II (10 to 35 kg Ge heat+ioniz.) EDELWEISS II NEMO III

  14. LSC - Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc, Spain Tobazo's peak

  15. 2 small halls [Lab1] 36 m2 + 1 Main hall [Lab3] 20 x 5 m2 (h 4.5 m) Canfranc railway tunnel entrance Now used only to store materials Mobile Lab (now dismounted)

  16. Backgrounds & Facilities @ LSC (Canfranc) Amabar The AMBAR installation for measuring low contents of radioactive contaminants in materials intended for low-background experiments Low temperature installation with the 2x2x3 m3 Faraday cage located at Lab 3

  17. Experiments @ LSC (Canfranc) Completed & Running experiments ββ IGEX-2β (~ 9 kg enriched Ge detectors) Dark Matter IGEX-DM (~ 2 kg enriched Ge detectors) COSME (small Ge detectors) NaI32 / ANAIS (NaI Crystals) ROSEBUD (Bolometers: Sapphire, Ge, BGO, CaW04) Under construction ββ GEDEON Dark Matter ROSEBUD II ROSEBUD ANAIS IGEX COSME

  18. ROAD TUNNEL Ultra-Low background Facility 15 x 10 m (h=8 m) Main Hall 40 x 15 m (h=11 m) Access gallery Old Laboratoy 20 x 5 m (h=4.5 m) installations, clean rooms & offices RAILWAY TUNNEL The new Canfranc Underground Laboratory Civil works for the construction of a new underground Laboratory are underway It should be finished next summer 2005 The first call for proposals will be announced soon

  19. IUS – Boulby Mine Laboratory, UK

  20. [Stub2] 300 m2 + [Stub2a] 150 m2 + [H area] + 900 m2 + [JIF area] 2500 m2

  21. Backgrounds & Facilities @ IUS (Boulby mine) Low background facility (located in the Stub A of JIF area) 0.5 T swing crane • Ultra Low HPGe - Development of the Ge facility at Boulby is currently awaiting completion of the laboratory infrastructure. • The Boulby Mine facility hosts a 2 kg (400cc) Germanium detector, used for material radiopurity measurements (20cm of lead as outer shielding and 8 cm of copper as the inner shielding plus Radon steel box) the setup will be sensitive to contamination of samples at the level of 0.1- 0.2 ppb • Ultra Low NaI -A NaI crystal from the NaIAD experiment will be installed in the clean room low background facility for crude bulk tests of activity (Pulse Shape Analysis). Plan for JIF Low Background Lab (Stub A)

  22. Experiments @ IUS (Boulby mine) Completed Experiments Dark Matter NaIAD (~ 50kg NaI array detector) ZEPLIN-I (~ 4 kg Liquid Xe scintil. Detector) NaIAD ZEPLIN I Running experiments Dark Matter ZEPLIN-II (~ 30 kg Liquid Xe scintil. Detector) DRIFT (Low pressure gaseous TPC) DRIFT ZEPLIN II

  23. Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science ILIAS ILIAS is an initiative supported by the European Union (6th Framework Programme) with the aim to support the European large infrastructures operating in the astroparticle physics sector.

  24. 3 groups of activities • The ILIAS project is based on 3 groups of activities: • Networking Activities • (N2) Deep Underground science laboratories • (N3) Direct dark matter detection • (N4) Search on double beta decay • (N5) Gravitational wave research • (N6) Theoretical astroparticle physics • Joint Research Activities (R&D Projects) • (JRA1) Low background techniques for Deep Underground Science • (JRA2) Double beta decay European observatory • (JRA3) Study of thermal noise reduction in gravitational wave detectors • Transnational Access Activities • (TA1) Access to the EU Deep Underground Laboratories

  25. JRA1 (Joint Research Activities 1): Low background techniques for deep underground sciences (LBT-DUSL) • Objectives: • Background identification and measurement (intrinsic, induced, environmental) • Background rejection techniques (shielding, vetoes, discrimination) Working packagesWP1: Measurements of the backgrounds in the underground labsWP2: Implementation of background MC simulation codesWP3: Ultra-low background techniques and facilitiesWP4: Radiopurity of materials and purification techniques A vast R&D programme on the improvement and implementation of ultra-low background techniques will be carried out cooperatively in the 4 European Underground Laboratories.

  26. A fifth Underground Laboratory within ILIAS: The CUPP - Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi The project to host an underground laboratory in the mine was started in 1993, and the Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi (CUPP) was physically established in 2001. A preliminary study, including some background measurement and rock analysis has been made The old part of the mine: There will be plenty of free space to host and storage experiments The new mine started to operate in July 2001. It extends to the depth of 1440 m (4000 mwe). The largest cavern that can be easily constructed is 100 x 15 x 20 m3. An example of the layout

  27. SUL - Solotvina Underground Laboratory It was constructed in 1984 by the Institute for Nuclear Research (Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences). It is situated on the west of Ukraine, in Solotvina near the border with Romania. The principal scientific goal is the search of double beta decay 1 Main hall 30 x 20 m2 (h 8 m)+ 4 small halls3 x 6 m2 (h 3 m)

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