Colonial 1700s

1. Colonial 1700s Unit 1.5

2. Mercantilism • Mercantilism – goal is for country (Britain) to be self-sufficient using its colonies for raw products and consumers. • Mother Country – makes finished products using raw materials from colonies • Balance of Trade – value of products the mother country exports should be higher than value of imports • In 1750 who was Florida’s mother country? Georgia’s? Canada’s?

3. Enforcement of Mercantilism • Navigation Acts • Starting in the mid-1600s, Britain passed these laws that said the British Colonies could only trade with Britain. • Salutary Neglect • Navigation Acts were not enforced. • What do you do when a law is not enforced? Like speed limits. • Most colonial traders basically followed the rules, but became more independent. • Side effect – more shipbuilding and use of secondary ports. • What happened when the Crown starting enforcing the laws after years of salutary neglect?

4. Never Empty • One way to get around the Navigation Acts was to say you were sailing to another British possession. • Many Triangular Trade routes formed (remember World History!). • Most famous: • From New England (to Britain first) – Rum • From Africa – Slaves • From Caribbean – Molasses • Middle Passage – transport of slaves from Africa to New World

6. Rise of Consumerism • Caused by the early stages of the Industrial Revolution • More affluent Americans showed off wealth • Average colonists more wealthy than British counterparts • Advertising in Journals and Newspapers began • An emerging merchant class develops • How does this fit within the idea of an “American?”

7. Slavery • In the beginning, all of the colonies had slavery. • What happened after Bacon’s Rebellion? • Why would it die out in the Northern colonies, but continue to exist in the Southern colonies? • How are the Northern colonies not blameless when it comes to the growth of slavery?

8. Slave Culture • Slave society in south tied in with white society • Some developed their own cultures • Gullah – hybrid language • Religion – mix Christianity and African folklore • Wide range of how treated • Stono Rebellion 1739 showed not all good • Some slaves able to purchase their own manumission

9. Science and Education • The Enlightenment caused more scientific and intellectual exploration • Education higher in the colonies due in part to religion • Increase of Newspapers and Almanacs • Poor Richard’s Almanac by Ben Franklin • Franklin also made postal system one of the best (night riders) • Medicine overall improving • Cotton Mather with inoculation of smallpox (later used by Washington)

10. Self-government • Many areas were largely self-governing • Colonial Assemblies were able to make many laws • Crown appointed many positions, but usually not too powerful and usually in largest cities • How would this play into the future of the colonies?

11. Colonial Women • Fewer women in Chesapeake colonies. What would that mean for “power?” • Patriarchal Society • Midwives helping with multiple childbirths (every other year average) • Lower life expectancy. Why? • Notable women of period: • Anne Hutchinson • Phyllis Wheatley – African American poet

12. Another American Ideal Born • Zenger Trial (1734) – John Peter Zenger had criticized the gov’t in his paper. He was tried, but found innocent as it was factually true. • The ideas of Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the Press are taking hold in the colonies. (as well as due process when accused of a crime)

13. Differences between Colonists and their cousins back in Britain • More mobility (socially and economically) • Wealthier • More Literate • Healthier • Taller • More independent/free (gov’t)

14. French and Indian War • France, Spain, and Britain had several conflicts in the 1600s and early 1700s in which Colonist were involved. • In 1754, conflict began over claims in the Ohio River valley (Middle grounds). • Started the Seven Years War (which lasted 9 years), but was known in the Americas as the French and Indian War. • It was a world war. Why?

15. Our Father emerges • Ft. Necessity – 1754 – Col. George Washington leads a group of colonial militia in unsuccessful battle. • What reason (personally) did Washington have to lead the troops? • It is called the French and Indian War, but what are the real sides? • For the actual fighting, William Pitt takes over British troops in 1757 and later the British won at Quebec.

16. French and Indian War Importance • Treaty of Paris 1763 ends war. Britain wins. • Britain gets Canada (from France) • Britain gets Florida (from Spain) • Britain gets Ohio River Valley • Passes the Proclamation of 1763 • Colonists were not allowed to settle past the Appalachian Mts. • Why would that upset the Colonists? • What were some of the other effects of the war?

17. Reflection Questions • How was the “American” developing during the 1700s? • What role did the north play in the expansion of slavery in the colonies? • How did the French and Indian War begin and what were the effects of the war? • Even through legally they did not have much power, in what ways did women hold unofficial power?

18. Links • http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/colonization-and-settlement-1585-1763 - timeline • http://mappinghistory.uoregon.edu/english/US/US03-00.html - mapping history • http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/ -early America • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yer7OfHyynU – F&I war review video