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Russia 1450s to 1700s

Russia 1450s to 1700s. History of Russia timeline. Volga Bulgaria 7th-13th c. Kievan Rus 9th-12th c. Novgorod Republic 12th -14th c. Mongol Invasion 1220-1240’s Golden Horde 1240’s -1480’s Muscovy 1340-1547 Khanate of Kazan 1438-1552 Tsardom of russia 1547-1721 Russian Empire 1721-1917.

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Russia 1450s to 1700s

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  1. Russia1450s to 1700s

  2. History of Russia timeline • Volga Bulgaria 7th-13th c. • Kievan Rus 9th-12th c. • Novgorod Republic 12th -14th c. • Mongol Invasion 1220-1240’s • Golden Horde 1240’s -1480’s • Muscovy 1340-1547 • Khanate of Kazan 1438-1552 • Tsardom of russia 1547-1721 • Russian Empire 1721-1917

  3. 1240-1480 Mongol Rule • After the Mongols withdrew (or were they defeated?), a kingdom centered around Moscow had begun.

  4. Russia 1450 - 1690 The first TSARS (or Czars) • Worked to gain power over the boyars (nobles), improve their military, and create a strong central government.

  5. Russian Boyars

  6. Ivan III, the Great (1462-1505) • In the 15th C, grand princes of Moscow continued to increase land,population, and wealth • Laid foundations of Russian national state • Fall of Constantinople and emergence of New Rome and seat of Orthodox Christianity • Proclaimed his absolute sovereignty over all Russian princes and nobles • Refused further tribute to Tatars Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

  7. Ivan III, The Great • Divided into khanates and hordes • Manor system and creation of expanding military control • Ivan III forced lesser princes to accept him and his successors as unquestioned rulers over military, judicial, and foreign affairs • Gradually, Russian ruler emerged as a powerful, autocratic ruler, a tsar or Ceasar

  8. Tsardom of Russia • First Russian ruler to officially crown himself “Tsar” was Ivan IV (The Terrible) • 1547-1584 • Subordination of nobles, exiling many, and executing many • Enduring legacies both positive and negative

  9. Ivan IV (1533-1547) • Ivan IV Vasilyevich-the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 • His long reign saw the conquest of Tartary and Siberia and the subsequent transformation of Russia into a multiethnic state.

  10. Time of Troubles • Russian Inquisition left thousands dead • Ivan IV murdered his son and daughter-in-law who was carrying his grandson • No true successor to crown • Internal chaos attracts Polish-Lithuanian intervention and installment of “tsars” • Vast lands acquired under Ivan III lost

  11. Russia 1450 - 1690 • Conflicts over the rule of Russia led to series of civil wars and outside invasions.

  12. Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917) • New Dynasty must restore peace and reclaim lost lands from Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth and Sweden • Boyars fearing civil war and loss of lands cooperated with the first Romanovs • Enserfment of peasants • Great burden of taxation placed on peasants • All segments of population were subject to military and special taxes Romanov Family Crest

  13. Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645) • The Romanov Dynasty is established in 1613 • The only Russian royal family  lasted for 304 years!

  14. Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917)

  15. The Romanovs • Many peasant uprisings and riots most notably the Cossacks • Centralization of state • Tsar’s army crushed many of the uprisings and “examples” were made of those who rebelled against the state

  16. The power of the Tsars increased – toward ABSOLUTISM • Councils of Russian nobles were eliminated • Trained bureaucrats came from “lower classes” in the government and military instead of nobles being officials • The secret police & the Tsar’s special forces suppressed rebellion.

  17. Peter I, the Great (r. 1682-1725) • Consolidated autocracy in Russia and brought country into European state system • Largest state in the world from Baltic to Pacific Ocean • Window to the sea and the Great Northern War • New Capital, St. Petersburg, a window opened to Europe to replace the cultural center of Moscow

  18. Russia Under Peter I

  19. New Openness to the West 1689-1725 Tsar Peter the Great • Forced Westernization • Modernized the army, built a navy, and continued expansion • Instituted an educational system and offered freedom for women.

  20. Pushed for Western dress, architecture, science & • Shaved BEARDS!

  21. Allowed mobility in government based upon merit • Built St. Petersburg as a new capital • Organized and modernized trade and commerce.

  22. Russian Empire • Peter I took the title of emperor and tsar and the Russian Tsardom officially became the Russian Empire in 1721 • Government organized on Western models • Died in 1725 and led to succession battle that would eventually end with a German Princess who married the German heir to the Russian throne, Catherine II aka The Great

  23. Russia became one of the great land empires. • Russian armies took control of new territories. • “Pioneers” expanded Russian territorial control

  24. However, • Russia remained a traditional agricultural society. • Nobles continued to control the lower classes. • Serfdom was expanded and rural peasants suffered • Little freedom was offered to the lower classes • Social unrest and revolt was common

  25. Russian interaction with . . . • Ottoman Empire, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia Russian war victories led to territorial gains (especially Poland and around the Caspian sea) • China– mutual agreement on boundaries • Western Europe – Westerners carried on much of the trade in Russia, Western styles from architecture to the military were mimicked, but Russia remained politically isolated from Western Europe.

  26. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-WestFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,Technologies, etc. Anti-WestIsolationistXenophobicUltra-Conservative • A few Tsars • Intellectual elites • Merchants/businessmen • Young members of the middle class. • Most Tsars • Russian Orthodox Church • Military • Boyars • peasants REFORM-MINDEDLEADER DEMAGOGUE

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