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Oldest continuous civilization on earth More than 4,000 years Xia Dynasty: 2000 BCE Dynasty : series of rulers from th

Oldest continuous civilization on earth More than 4,000 years Xia Dynasty: 2000 BCE Dynasty : series of rulers from the same family Dynasties ruled China until 1911. Chinese Dynasties.

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Oldest continuous civilization on earth More than 4,000 years Xia Dynasty: 2000 BCE Dynasty : series of rulers from th

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  1. Oldest continuous civilization on earth • More than 4,000 years • Xia Dynasty: 2000 BCE • Dynasty: series of rulers from the same family • Dynasties ruled China until 1911

  2. Chinese Dynasties • Q’in (Chin) Dynasty – first great Chinese dynasty (200s BCE). “China” gets its current name from Q’in. Built the Great Wall to keep out barbarian invaders • Shi Huang Ti was buried with 7,000 terra-cotta warriors and horses made of clay – in Xian • Han Dynasty (200s CE) – culture and military expanded. Chinese people still consider themselves “Han”

  3. End of the Dynasties • Chinese always viewed themselves as the center of the world and when approached by foreigners, Chinese viewed them as inferior • Contact with Europeans through the silk road... But Europeans did not reach China by sea until 1500s CE • Chinese were uncomfortable with European imperialism, thought they were superior, but lost wars throughout the 19th century • Dynasties overthrown in 1911

  4. Rise of Communist China • Nationalists overthrew the Xing (Manchu) Dynasty, but were soon challenged by Mao Zedong’s communists • The struggle weakened China and Japan invaded in the 1930s, taking Manchuria (a resource rich region in northern China), then taking eastern China – ultimately setting up a puppet government: gov’t controlled by outside forces • After World War II, Mao’s communists defeated Nationalists to gain control of China in 1949.

  5. Taiwan • Nationalists fled to island of Taiwan; set up a dictatorship called the Republic of China (ROC) • U.S. and the U.N. proclaimed the ROC to be the legitimate government of China (even though they were located in Taiwan).

  6. Taiwan • 1971 - ROC was ousted from the U.N. in favor off Mao's People's Republic of China (PRC). • Taiwan nevertheless became the foremost "economic tiger" of the Pacific Rim • Made strides towards democracy – elections in 1996 (1st time in Chinese history – albeit Taiwan) • Taiwan is NOT independent

  7. Mao’s China – People’s Republic of China (PRC) • Communist government quickly attacked weaknesses • Land taken from wealthy • Farms collectivized • Dams built, using thousands of workers • Hunger receded • Health conditions improved • Child labor reduced

  8. Mao’s Failures • Brought in Soviet advisors • Recommended industrialization – to use the income from agriculture to pay for industrialization • DIDN’T WORK – increased agricultural production went to subsistence, not income – population was too big • Mao expelled the Soviets

  9. Great Leap Forward • Mao further collectivized farms by putting workers on “production teams” • Split families, leaving children as orphans • Futility on new farms – no incentive to work hard, chaos from family separation • Widespread famine – 20 million died

  10. Mao orders a return to the countryside and the creation of small rural factories in a push to drive through industrialization more quickly. Between l958-61, rural communes were encouraged to produce industrial products like steel and iron to the neglect of agricultural production. The result was widespread famine, with per capita grain consumption falling by 22% and millions of deaths

  11. Cultural Revolution • Response to clean up Great Leap • Forced people to the countryside • “Red Guards” enforced the revolution • Shut down all of China’s schools • persecuted, imprisoned, tortured teachers, intellectuals, elderly • violence & famine killed 30 million during the cultural revolution

  12. Other Problems in Mao’s China • Government control over production (industry & agriculture) • created thousands of inefficient, uncompetitive, state-owned manufacturing plants

  13. Population • Maorefused to impose any population controls • He viewed population control as a capitalistic exercise in limiting human resources – and anything capitalistic is anti-communist, so he was opposed to it • Result - China's population exploded during Mao's rule

  14. Mao died in 1976 • Deng Xiaoping succeeded him and immediately instituted population controls • China’s growth --1970s: (under Mao) grew 3%--1980s:1.2% --Today: reported at0.6%

  15. One-Child Policy • Enforced vigorously under Deng • Abortions soared (sometimes coerced by the government, even well into the third trimester) • Female infanticide rose • Families would hide their 2nd or 3rd child with family members in separate villages (if caught, the government would burn their house down)

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