Architectural metaphors in concept maps

1. Concept mapping pitfalls: metaphors and branching overarching Architectural metaphors in concept maps abstract subordinate more important less important concrete more salient argument direction rhetorical flow less salient passage through time  Tools: architecture confusion software default faults double-click to create a concept Cmap Tools software: default starting point is mid-screen, despite top-down architectural metaphor mind map softo: metaphors 'center is topic' 'outward is quasi-random'

2. Lawrie Hunter Kochi University of Technology http://lawriehunter.com Priming in metaphor comprehension Japanese is a between-the-lines language: priming effects are derived from syntactic factors. In Japanese: > Base-primed metaphor processing Target- primed metaphor processing fast  Kurosawa, M., & Kawahara,T. (1999). Alignment or Abstraction? Metaphor comprehension in Japanese. Proceedings, Second International Conference on Cognitive Science. http://www.jcss.gr.jp/iccs99OLP/p3-19/p3-19.htm (inverted form of metaphor) !! discontinuity In English: Gentner and Wolff (1997): primacy of abstractionfactors in metaphor comprehension in English, a specificity-oriented language. . Gentner,D., & Wolff, P. (1997). Alignment in the processing of metaphor. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 331--355

3. Branching in syntax Right-branching Yesterday I 1 went 2 to the DIY 3 to get 4 a screwdriver 5 to repair 6 my glasses 7 Left-branching 昨日、眼鏡7を直す6ためのドライバー5を買い4にホームセンター3に行きました2。 Kinou, megane 7 wo naosu 6 tame no doraibaa 5 wo kai 4 ni houmu sentaa 3 ni ikimashita 2. In English clause semantic completeness is the primary processing unit in initial segmentation Japanese is a left-branching language Clause semantic completeness is not the primary processing unit in initial segmentation Sentential Japanese has delayed reveal of significand. Mazuka, R. (1998) The development of language strategies: a cross-linguistic study between Japanese and English. Erlbaum.  Branching in mapping software -in mind maps: radial, random -in Novakian maps: top down, articulate, nodes sentences or nouns -in CmapTools: Novakian, default radial -in RST tool: bottom up (conceptually), nodes tend to be sentences.

4. Western Visual Design Grammar: English mixed media layout signifies relationships in two ways: New Mediator Given Left to right images/texts are GIVEN, Mediator and NEW Top to bottom images/texts are IDEAL, Mediator and REAL. Ideal • Systemic Functional Linguistics says that rhetoric hinges on • GIVEN, • what the listener/reader already knows, and • NEW, • what the speaker/writer is going to 'break.' • Halliday, M.A.K. (1985) An introduction to functional grammar. • London: Edward Arnold • -Japanese rhetoric • doesn't do things that way. Mediator Real Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (1996) Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Routledge.  Japanese media/graphic arts don't do things that way. Japanese Visual Design Grammar: Japanese Visual Language: The Structure of Manga. Neil Cohn. http://www.emaki.net/essays/japanese_vl.pdf