Presentation by Dr. James Knoll Director of Forensic Psychiatry SUNY Upstate Medical University

1. Presentation by Dr. James KnollDirector of Forensic PsychiatrySUNY Upstate Medical University to SUPA Forensic Science Teachers October 10, 2008 ppt. developed by J. Pawlowski, Science RD HS

2. STALKING • stalking study considered pure science • mathematical evidence • obsession/pursuit is normal • perpetuated and reinforced

3. In ‘Dumb and Dumber’… • Jim Carrey asks love interest if he has a chance… • He asks if he has a 1 in a 1000 chance… • She tells him it’s more like 1 in a million! • This means there is a chance… For a stalker’s victim, this is dangerous!

4. WHO GETS STALKED? • 8% of women • 2% of men Majority of victims are stalked by former partners this is most common and most dangerous.

5. Stalking Laws • Dependent on state laws • All 50 states have stalking laws • Level of crime dependent on jurisdiction • California first state to enact stalking laws in1990

6. Rebecca Schaeffer

7. ‘My Sister Sam’ Star Rebecca Schaeffer • Stalked and murdered by Robert Bardo

8. Bardo stalked Rebecca by… • Sending letters that she read and responded to as she would for any fan • Hired a private investigator to track her routines and determine where she lived In a letter to his sister he wrote, • “ I have an obsession which is unattainable and I have to eliminate what I can’t have” • Rebecca was shot to death by R. Bardo

9. Justin Bieber Stalker: Dana Martin (Photo: Wikipedia)

10. A 45-year-old man, Dana Martin, so infatuated with the star, Martin started revealing his “Bieber on the Brain” tendencies by getting a tattoo of the pop star on his left leg. He started writing fan letters to Bieber, but when he received no response, he did what many stalkers would've done or fantasized doing: • Killing was next plan • In prison Martin hired a few inmates to do so • Plot foiled

11. Sandra Bullock

12. Joshua Corbett, 39, confronted her in her home. Corbett scaled a fence topped with barbed wire to get close with the actress. • Corbett had pictures of Bullock and several handwritten love notes, one of which read, • "I will forever be thinking of you and (Bullock's son) Louie, my son, as you are my wife by law, the law of God and you belong to me and me to you."

13. Duty to Report • Psychiatrist has the duty to report threats to self or third party • Confidentiality not applicable • Board of Education lawyer was required by law to contact Mrs. Pawlowski directly and warn her of the verbal and written threats to kill her and others (serving as vice principal in Georgia in 2000).

14. Stalking laws include… • Pattern of following a victim or harassment of same • Threat (s) • Fearful victim EVIDENCE NECESSARY • Includes disturbing letters, photos, texts, voice mail DO NOT DISCARD

15. The musical artist, Sting, wrote • ‘Every move you make • every breath you take, • I’ll be watching you’… • Stalker is invalidated without partner • ‘If I can’t have her, no one can’

16. Stalker Behavioral Analysis Male mid-30’s Intelligent or at least somewhat clever Unemployed or underemployed Ex-intimate Chronic social failure

17. 3 part typology of stalkerdeveloped by Dr. Zona, psychiatrist with the LAPD Threat Management Unit Research based conclusions Results of the N=74 stalkers interviewed and studied Erotomanic (delusional) 7 Love obsession 32 Love gone sour 35 A delusional stalker believes someone is in love with him. Movie star? Singer?

18. Dr. Paul Mullen Study • American Journal of Psychiatry • 1999 • Classified and analyzed types of stalkers • Paul Mullen researches, studies and treats stalker offenders in Australia and the world.

19. Rejected 36% Intimacy Seeking 34 Incompetent 45 Resentful 11 Predatory 4 N= 145

20. Stalkers are classified into 5 groups

21. Pursue an ex intimate • Want reconciliation and revenge • (toxic blend of motivations) • Criminal assault history • Personality disorders • (between psychotic and neurotic; normal are neurotic, psychotics have no sense of reality) • Difficult to get along with REJECTED

22. OJ Simpson quote • ‘lets say I committed this crime…’ • Penny Chang • Stalked with violent threats via email and killed REJECTED

23. Motivation is to be with ‘true love’ • Desire relationship of love • Reinterpret or oblivious to victim’s response • Many have delusional disorder;mentally ill, yes! • ‘a fixed false belief that can’t be shaken’ • Erotomanic delusions Intimacy Seekers

24. Robert Hoskins stalked Madonna • Broke into her property • Attacked body guards • Sent emails and letters • Madonna testified in trial • (Hoskins received the attention he sought by having her testify) • THE MATERIAL GUY in prison Intimacy Seekers

25. Motivation is to get sex • Acknowledge victim’s disinterest but.. Have crude motivation to desire • Tend to have low IQ • Socially inept; may be ‘cave man’ • Pleads • Friendly, trusting women often targets of this stalker type Incompetent

26. Female to male stalkers are about one in four 1:4 Women stalkers are rare but tend to be of INCOMPETENT type

27. Desire retribution • Tell of persecution • Paranoid type diagnosis • Intend to frighten and /or distress victim • New Hampshire judge received picture of clock showing 5:20 with a note ‘this is when you’ll die’ RESENTFUL

28. Serial sexual predator • Prepared for sexual attack • Stalk to study and observe • Well-planned; have equipment for attack and submission or torture • PARAPHILICS No warning or communications; are they really stalkers? p Predatory

29. Threats Assaults • Rejected 71% 54% • Intimacy Seekers 50 23 • Incompetent 32 27 • Resentful 87 25 • Predatory 33 50 • Domestic violence in rejected type • Rejected often has warning signs • Progression of rejection in divorce, custody battles, loss of love, may increase in intensity

30. Response to Health Management • Rejected: legal sanctions, mental health support; risk reduction • Intimacy seekers: involuntary court order, impervious to legal sanctions, will do anything for love; victim must make legal • Incompetent: interpersonal and communication skills; often drop victim 1 for victim 2

31. Resentful: difficult to engage in treatment, court order for anger treatment, intervention dilemma (are we making this worse?) • Predatory: criminal justice containment and treatment for parafilia (sex offenders)

32. Conclusions • Usually incompetent or resentful • Identify type, account for individual • Ex intimates most lethal • Multidisciplinary team w/law enforcement • Tailor intervention Suggestion that ‘resentful’ type can include some terroristic threats /actions

33. Stalker psyche? Why? • POSSIBLY… • Disorder of attachment • Inability to ‘self- soothe’ • Why more men than women, not known

34. Profiler or Behavioral Analysis Reading • Special Agent Ron Hazelwood, FBI • Each book written comes highly recommended

35. Never forget the victim… • After episodes with a stalker, a victim’s life is often shattered. Many have to relocate, leave employment, suffer emotional trauma, or worse, even if the stalker is managed or contained by law enforcement. Ω