Aim: What conditions must occur to form a sedimentary rock?

1. Aim: What conditions must occur to form a sedimentary rock? Do Now: Let’s take a look at how sedimentary rocks are formed. Rock Cycle Diagram

2. Sedimentary Rock Vocabulary Sediments: weathered rock particles carried by a transport agent. Clastic: Fragmental particles of rocks. Bioclastic: rocks formed from the remains of plants and animals.

3. Evaporites: rocks formed due to the evaporation of water. Precipitates: the process by which dissolved substances come out of solution to form solids.

4. Sedimentary rocks are formed in three ways: Compaction and Cementation of weathered particles (clastic). Evaporation of a super-saturated solution (Evaporite) Compaction and Cementation of plant and animal remains (bioclastic).

5. Environment of Formation • In order for cementation to occur, stagnant (still) water must be present. • Ocean • Lakes

6. Compaction:Pressed together by weight of overlaying rocks. • Cementation: Glued together by natural cements in water (calcite).

7. There are two common types of cementation: Calcite (CaCO3), or; Iron oxide (Fe2O3) They grow between sediment grains as dissolved minerals precipitate out of groundwater.

8. Compaction and Cementationof Sediments

9. Summary On a separate piece of paper answer the following questions and submit at the bell. Name three ways sedimentary rocks can form. Identify two environments where sedimentary rocks can form. Which term correctly describes the “glue” that keeps particles together.

10. Aim: How can we determine the difference between the sedimentary rocks on the ESRT? Do Now: Looking at “Scheme for Sedimentary Rocks” on pg. 7 of the ESRT, list the grain sizes for clastic sedimentary rocks.

13. Clastic Texture Shale

14. Clastic Texture Siltstone

15. Clastic Texture Sandstone

16. Clastic Texture Breccia

17. Clastic Texture Conglomerate

19. Chemical Texture Rock Salt

20. Chemical Texture Rock Gypsum

21. Chemical Texture Dolostone

22. Chemical Texture Limestone

24. Bioclastic Texture Limestone

25. Bioclastic Texture Coal

26. Which rock is formed when rock fragments are deposited and cemented together? (1) dolostone (2) sandstone  (3) rhyolite (4) gabbro

27. Which is a sedimentary rock that forms as a result of precipitation of seawater? (1) limestone  (2) conglomerate (3) obsidian (4) sandstone

28. Summary Recall the three types of textures for sedimentary rocks. Which textures is associated with the evaporation of water. How can you determine the difference between each of the clastic sedimentary rocks.

29. Aim: What are some features of sedimentary rocks? Do Now: What are the remains or impressions of plants and animals found in rocks called? Fossils:

30. Important characteristics of sedimentary rocks. Some have a range of particle of sediment size.

31. Others consist mainly of one size of sediments- due to sorting during deposition.

32. Some are organic they form from plant and animal remains Some form in layers called strata or beds

33. Features of Sedimentary Rocks Cross-bedding: is formed as inclined layers of sediment move forward across a horizontal surface. Formed by wind (sand dunes) and on a smaller scale sandy shorelines.

36. Small sedimentary features such as ripple marks are also preserved in sedimentary rocks. • If a rippled surface is buried gently by more sediment without being disturbed, it might later be preserved in solid rock.

37. Ripple Marks

39. Features of Sedimentary Rocks • Fossils are probably the best-known features of sedimentary rocks. • Fossils are the preserved remains, impressions, or any other evidence of once-living organisms. Evidence of Past Life

40. Fossils are of great interest to Earth scientists because fossils provide evidence of the types of organisms that lived in the distant past, the environments that existed in the past, and how organisms have changed over time.

42. Summary On a sheet of paper, please answer this question and submit after the bell. Why are preserved fossils helpful to determine what occurred in the past?