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BELL WORK

BELL WORK. DEFINE the following Terms Energy Thermodynamics Metabolism Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). How Organisms Obtain Energy. Chapter 8 Section 1. Main Idea. All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes.

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BELL WORK

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  1. BELL WORK • DEFINE the following Terms • Energy • Thermodynamics • Metabolism • Photosynthesis • Cellular respiration • Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP)

  2. How Organisms Obtain Energy Chapter 8 Section 1

  3. Main Idea All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes

  4. Transformation of Energy • Chemical reactions & processes in your cells are ongoing; constantly using energy • Macromolecules are assembled and broken down • substances are transported across cell membranes • genetic instructions are transmitted

  5. All of these cellular activities require ENERGY—the ability to do work. • Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

  6. Laws of Thermodynamics • Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed • Energy cannot be converted without the loss of useable energy • Lost energy is usually converted to thermal energy • Entropy is the measure of disorder, or unusable energy, in a system

  7. Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food • Can you give an example of an Autotroph?

  8. Autotrophs convert light energy for the sun into chemical energy • These are organisms that perform Photosynthesis • Directly or indirectly nearly all the energy for life comes from the sun

  9. Heterotrophs • Organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy • Can you give an example of a Heterotroph?

  10. Metabolism • All the chemical reactions that take place in a cell is referred to as the cell’s metabolism

  11. A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction is called a metabolic pathway • Catabolic release energy by breaking down large molecules into smaller ones • Anabolic uses energy that is released by the catabolic pathway to build larger molecules from smaller ones

  12. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is the anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  13. Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is the catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

  14. ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy • In living organisms, chemical energy is stored in biological molecules and can be converted into other forms of energy when needed • Adenosine Tri-phosphate (ATP) is the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy

  15. ATP Structure • ATP is the most abundant energy-carrier molecule in cells • ATP is a nucleotide made of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

  16. ATP Function • ATP releases energy when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group is broken • This breakage forms adenosine Di-phosphate (ADP)

  17. ATP ADP

  18. HOMEWORK QUESTIONS: Due 9-27-10 • Identify the major source of energy for living organism. • Describe an example of the first law of thermodynamics. • Compare and contrast anabolic and catabolic pathways. • Explain how ATP stores and releases energy

  19. Ticket Out the Door • Explain/Describe how ATP works within a cell.

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