Ohio ’ s Early People

1. Ohio’s Early People Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Pages 28-33

2. A Long Time Ago • Thousands of years ago, Earth had long periods of freezing cold  Ice Ages • What happened to the Earth? • A “bridge” of dry land appeared between Asian and what is now Alaska

3. A Long Time Ago • People from Asia began to cross the land bridge • Nomads = people without a permanent home • Moved in bands (small family groups) and followed herds of animals • Spread out over North and South America • Ancestors of present-day Native Americans

4. Prehistoric Indians of Ohio • 12,00 years ago reached Ohio • Lived before written history = “prehistoric people”

5. Prehistoric Indians of Ohio • Paleo-Indians  first people to live in Ohio • Nomads; hunted large animals for food • Last Ice Age ended 10,000 years ago  large animals died out • People had to adapt to survive

6. Prehistoric Indians of Ohio • Archaic Indians  after the last Ice Age • Fished and hunted, ate plants and gathered nuts and berries • Built wooden tents covered with bark/animal skin • Made tools from stone= axes, spearheads • Tools enabled them to build canoes  began to trade • Each group had its own culture

7. The Mound Builders • Part of a larger group known as the Woodland Indians • Arrived in Ohio 3,000 years ago • Built mounds piles of hard-packed earth and stone • Scientists have discovered artifacts in the mounds (spearheads, jewelry, beads) • Included two main groups: Adena and Hopewell

8. The Mound Builders • Adena  villages in southern Ohio • Grew squash and sunflowers • Hunted, fished, gathered fruits • Made pottery, used stone axes and hoes • Mounds used for burials • Important leaders – mound build over the site • Mounds grew as more were buried

9. Adena Mounds

10. The Mound Builders • Hopewell  central and southern Ohio • Culture grew from the Adena’s • Larger mounds, many shapes • Used for religious ceremonies, social gatherings, trading centers • Objects made with copper and shells • Trade network stretched to Rocky Mountains and Gulf of Mexico • Division of labor

11. Hopewell Mounds

12. The Mound Builders • Fort Ancient Indians  villages in southern Ohio 1,000 years ago • One of the last groups of prehistoric people • Late Prehistoric Indians • Depended on farming

13. The Mound Builders • Fort Ancient Indians build villages with square or circle-shaped houses made from wooden poles • Built mounds  shaped like animals • Great Serpent Mound

14. The Great Serpent Mound