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Native Americans. Early Native Americans. Many Thousand of years ago there was a land bridge between Asia and North America . Present Day Russia and Alaska During the Ice Age, people were able to walk back and forth. Bering Strait. First People of the Americas.
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Early Native Americans • Many Thousand of years ago there was a land bridge between Asia and North America. • Present Day Russia and Alaska • During the Ice Age, people were able to walk back and forth
First People of the Americas • First Peoples of America were Nomads. • Nomads do not have a permanent place to live. • Moved with their food • About 7,000 years ago they learned how to farm. • Set up a community and population began to grow. • The Native Americans settled in arctic ice fields, mountains, and deserts.
Early Americans • With Farming • No longer chasing food. • Able to specialize in a certain type of job. • Weaving, Pottery, and building.
Inuit • Inuit ( IN-oo-it) • Eskimos • “The People” • Lived: • Northwestern Alaska • Northern Canada • Greenland
Inuit • Adapted • Changes that allowed people to survive in an environment. • Housing:
Inuits Adapted to their environment by created housing that helped to survive in the extreme weather. • During the winter they lived in Igloos • Animal Skinned Tents.
Food • Whales, Walruses, Seals, Salmon. • Caribou, Polar Bears, Artic Foxes, • Squirrels, and Birds. • Inuits adapted by: • Eating all wildlife that was Around.
Inuit • Natural Resources • The Animals they captured. • Used all resources from the animals • Ate the meat • Sewed animal skins for • Clothing • Blankets • Tents • Animal fat for fuel • Bones for dogsleds, tent frames, and tools • Knives • Harpoons
Tlingit “Klingit” • Region: Northwest Coast • Coast Alaska to California • Still there today • Climate: • coast, mild winters, cool summers, wet climate • Northwest coast-wet climate, helped a rich variety of plants to grow
Tlingit Long House Plank Houses- Large (up to 100 feet long) Housed several families from the same clan As many as 50 people Had rooms for storage.
Totem Poles Tall Logs carved with many designs. 60 feet Honor families or chiefs Family History Status.
Food • Farming was difficult • Due to land and climate • Adapted to rely on other Natural Resources • Roots and berries • Gathered from the forests • Fish & sea animals. • From the Ocean and Rivers.
Salmon Run • An activity that everyone in the community participates in. • Salmon Run • Salmonswim back up the rivers in which they were born • This allows them to lay eggs where they were born.
Tlingit • Salmon- • Important source of food • A family could catch • 1,000 pounds of fish • To keep fish all year around: • Depending on the species of salmon • Roasted • Dried • Smoked.
Fishing • Fish Trap • Wooden Fence Stretched across a stream or river. • Salmon passed through the openings • Into woven baskets.
Canoes • Canoes • Aided in fishing • Fish Hooks • Fish Spears
Tlingit • Other Natural Resources: • Wood • Plants • Animals • They were used for: • Food • Shelter • Clothing • Blankets • Boats.
Tlingit Tribe • Technology • Made life easier • Plenty of time for Technology • Plentiful supply of Natural Resources. • Due to Water Ways • Tribes were able to trade with other Tribes • Lots to trade because of their free time to work on technology. • Made them very wealthy.
Arts and Crafts Beadwork Bag Beaded Band
Tlingit Tribe • Potlatch- • special feasts • Guests receive gifts • Takes years to prepare • This occasion for: • honoring a new chief • celebrate a wedding.
Tlingit Tribe • Potlatch: • Host Distributes HUNDREDS of gifts. • Host gets the Respect. • Each host tries to out do the other hosts.
Conflict with the Govt. • U.S. government forced Northwest Coast people to move far from the ocean • 1971- a law that gave back to the Native American in Alaska over 44 million acres of their original homelands
Native Americans of the SouthwestTribe-Hopi • Hopiti • Gentle people • Typically farmers
Hopi • Region: • Southwest • Desert • Environment- • land mostly made of tall mountains, deep canyons, steep mesas • Mesas • is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.
Hopi • Climate: • Very dry, hardly any rain • Very hot (day) • Freezing(night) • Blizzards and Flooding
Food • Adaptations: • Dry Farming • way of growing crops in places where there is little water • built dams & irrigation canals. • Farmed in Flood plains near and around mesas • Hardy crops: • corn with long roots, squash, beans, cotton. • Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job.
Hopi • Natural Resources • Not many • Had to improvise with invention • Adobe Bricks • Mud mixed with straw
House • Shelter • Pueblos-(villages) • adobe(clay) apartment style homes-protection from heat and extreme cold • To keep out intruders • 1st floor of the pueblos was built with out doors or windows • used ladders
Kachinas • Kachina ceremonies • Religious Belief System • Spirits that visit the villages • Believe they bring rain to help crops grow. • Show people how to live, behave, bring peace & prosperity
Kachinas • Ceremonies held through out the 6 months the Kachina Spirits were in the village. • Each Dancer represented a differed Kachina • Other dancers are Tcutckutu • They cause Mischief • Takes years to train to become a dancer.
Kachinas Example of a Sun Kachina Represents Spirit of the Sun Main source of their survival
Eagle Kachina Air Freedom Movement
Nataska Feared Ogre. The Nataska make horrible noises to scare the children. From the earliest ages, Hopi children have heard Nataska would abduct children and eat them, The parents negotiate with the Nataska. Parents become the hero.
Clown Kachina Represents The clown would Misbehave Make fun of the ceremony He would be taught a lesson Moral of the Ceremony Teaches children To behave Expectations
