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Geomorphology

Geomorphology. Lake Formation. graben - downfaulted trough; e.g. Lake Tahoe caldera - subsidence of magma chamber; e.g. Crater Lake, OR Landslides glacial activity- e.g. scour, morain dams, & ice melt solution- CaCO 3 (limestone) Oxbow wind- playa lakes humans & beaver. Oxbow Lake.

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Geomorphology

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  1. Geomorphology

  2. Lake Formation • graben- downfaulted trough; e.g. Lake Tahoe • caldera- subsidence of magma chamber; e.g. Crater Lake, OR • Landslides • glacial activity- e.g. scour, morain dams, & ice melt • solution- CaCO3 (limestone) • Oxbow • wind- playa lakes • humans & beaver

  3. Oxbow Lake

  4. Fluvial Morphology determined by geology of the site: dendritic- deposits of uniform resistance rectangular- follow faults trellis- flow between parallel ridges

  5. Stream Ordering System method of numbering streams as part of a drainage basin network; the smallest unbranched tributary is called 1st order, the stream receiving the tributary is 2nd order, and so on.

  6. Stream Ordering

  7. Stream Type • ephemeral- channels not well defined; flow during and shortly after precipitation events • intermittent- generally flow only during the wet season • perennial- year round

  8. spatial scale in lotic ecosystems World Continent Drainage Watershed Stream

  9. Channel Patterns • straight, meandering, & braided • sinuosity- degree of curvature and meandering • pool/riffle sequence; stream energy is lost at the head of the pool causing deposition

  10. Braided Stream

  11. Sedimentation & Channel Patterns • erosion- chemical and mechanical processes by which stream channels are formed • agrade- increase slope/gradient through deposition.

  12. Deposition process where particles that have been entrained and transported are deposited.

  13. factors effecting deposition • stream gradient • flow volume • particle size • impoundments

  14. results of deposition • delta- results when flowing water meets standing water • alluvial fan- sediments are deposited on land after eroding from higher elevation • alluvial flood plain-

  15. Delta

  16. Alluvial Fan

  17. Alluvial Floodplain

  18. Flow Classification

  19. Sediment

  20. Particulate Inorganic Matter (PIM) suspended sediments; primarily silt and clay

  21. Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) decomposed particulate organics (particles < 0.45 um); carbohydrates, humic acids, tannins, proteins, & alcohols

  22. Particulate Organic Matter (POM) • larger sized particles; leaves, woody debris, and dead animals • important habitat & nutrients • Fine Particulate Organic Matter (FPOM)- < 1mm- >0.45um • Coarse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM)- > 1mm

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