Key People

1. Key People By KrystenHinchee

2. Eugene Debs Leader of the American Railway Union Unionized the Pullman Company -Strike began because of wage cuts and fired workers. -ARU stopped handling Pullman cars Criticized the Espionage Act Speech in Canton, Ohio; 1918 Arrested and sent to prison

3. Theodore Roosevelt 26th President William McKinley assassinated Meat Inspection Act 1906 Banned preservatives that contained harmful chemicals. Pure Food and Drug Act Banned food and drugs with false labels from being sold Bull Moose Party

4. Woodrow Wilson 28th President: (1913-1921) Democratic Party Federal Reserve Act Created Federal Reserve System Fixed banks from the recession Federal Trade Commission Created to monitor businesses Clayton Antitrust Act Banned tying agreements and price discrimination. Federal Farm Loan Act Created 12 Federal Land Banks to provide farmers with long-term loans at low interest rates Revenue Act 1913 Zimmermann Telegram

5. Booker T. Washington Instructor at Hampton University in 1879 Fought for African American educational rights instead of political rights First Leader of the Tuskegee Institute Atlanta Compromise Gave speech before whites about African American educational rights Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881

6. W.E.B.DuBois Grandson of Elizabeth Freeman Founded the NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Writer of Souls of Black Folk 1903 Southern Whites continued to strip African Americans of their civil rights. Concerned with protecting and exercising voting rights

7. Jane Addams Established settlement houses Middle class lived and helped poor residents, mostly immigrants Opened Hull House in Chicago in 1889 Medical care, recreation programs, English classes, etc.

8. Susan B. Anthony Suffrage Movement Women’s right to vote National Woman Suffrage Association Elizabeth Cady Stanton Illegally casted votes Anthony and 12 other women Arrested but not charged Helped the International Council of Women 19th Amendment Passed Women legally allowed to vote

9. Lucretia Mott Seneca Falls Convention First women’s rights convention Elizabeth C. Stanton Wanted women to focus more on voting rights Spoke about favoring abolitionism Prudence Crandall Wendell Phillips

10. Sacco & Vanzetti Anarchists Opposed all forms of govnment Shot and killed two employees of Slater & Morrill Company Found guilty and sentenced to death

11. John L. Lewis Led the United Mine Workers union Formed the Committee of Industrial Org. Set out to organize industrial unions. Focused on automobiles and steel. United States Steel Corp. recognized the UAW and became successful. UAW United Auto Workers Most powerful union in the U.S.

12. Langston Hughes Wrote about the Harlem Renaissance Became a leading voice of African American experience in the U.S. “Poet of the Laureate of Harlem”

13. Hitler German dictator Hated Jews Couldn’t be controlled by anyone Nazi Party Largest party in Reichstag by 1932 Nationalistic and anticommunist Didn’t represent working class Mein Kampf(“My Struggle”) His own autobiography Holocaust Killed Jews Austrian Anschluss Wanted to control all Austria and Czechoslovakia. Threatened to send troops to Austria; Hitler had unification. Appeasement policy Czechoslovakia Broke up country- Slovakia and Czech Hitler got the Czech land

14. Mussolini Italian dictator Quickly destroyed democracy and set up dictatorship. Wanted to bring back the glory of the Roman Empire Founded Fascist Party Believed a nation could be great by expanding its territory and building up its military. Il Duce -“The Leader” Bringing order to Italy

15. Tojo Prime Minister of Japan Expanded the war with China Invaded French Indochina U.S. imposed a total embargo on oil and gasoline exports Battle of Midway Turning point for Japan

16. Hirohito Emperor of Japan WW2 Bombed Pearl Harbor Invasion of China and Manchuria Formed the Axis Powers Bataan attack

17. Chiang Kai-Shek Political and military leader of China Attacked Shanghai and bombarded Nanjing Cairo Conference Roosevelt and Churchill compromising President of Taiwan Made China Allied Power

18. Mao Zedong National Committee of the Communist Party of China In Shanghai Elected one of five commissars of Central Committee Built his own army Guerilla warfare and Mobile warfare

19. Stalin Russian dictator Yalta Conference Agreed that the government would include members of the prewar Polish government and that free elections would be help ASAP. Potsdam Conference Him and his advisors needed reparations from Germany Accepted Truman’s deal of atomic bomb testing and keeping reparations limited to keep Soviets weak. Intensified hatred with Russia and U.S. Berlin Airlift Blockaded Berlin; defeated. Korean War Supplied weapons Truman Doctrine Turned to Turkey and demanded joint control of the Dardenelles. Dean Acheson warned Truman to take action

20. FDR Senate and Governor of N.Y. Pearl Harbor attacked The New Deal Brought the economy out of the depression Civilian Conservation Corp. Hired 250,000 unemployed young men to work on rural local projects. Agricultural Adjustment Admin. Tried to force higher prices for commodities by paying farmers to take land out of crops and to cut herds. National Industrial Recovery Act Forced industries to come up with codes that established rules of operation within specific industries, such as minimum prices and production restrictions. Second New Deal Works Progress Admin. Set up a national relief agency that employed two million family heads Social Security Act Promised economic security for the elderly, the poor and the sick Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) Federal rights of workers to organize unions, to engage in collective bargaining and to take part in strikes

21. Winston Churchill Britain prime minister Destroyers for Bases Asked Roosevelt to transfer old destroyers to Britain, helping them. Atlantic Charter Met with Roosevelt Agreed on postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of seas. Invasion of Morocco and Algeria Casablanca Conference Met with Roosevelt and agreed to step up the bombing of Germany Yalta Conference Agreed with FDR to recognize the Polish government set up by Soviets. Dividing Germany 4 zones controlled by France, G.Britain, U.S., and Soviets.

22. Harry Truman 33rd President of U.S. Manhattan Project testing of first atomic bomb Potsdam Conference Told Stalin about bomb testing Truman Doctrine Containment policy Marshall Plan Postwar aid to Germany to help rebuild economy National Security Act 1947 Created Air Force CIA and the National Security Council Department of War, Defense, and Navy Fair Deal New Deal and Truman’s Acts put together Taft-Hartley Act Labor Unions Berlin Airlift Sent supplies in planes to blockade until Soviets surrendered

23. Douglas McArthur Philippines Set up reconcentration camps to separate guerrillas from civilians Wanted to invade and retake Philippines Fall of Philippines Wanted to retreat the Bataan Peninsula Bataan Death March Invasion of Guadalcanal August 1942-1944 Captured enough islands to surround main Japanese base. Captured base, Hollandia. Battle of Leyte Gulf Largest naval battle First kamikaze attack Mission: introduce democracy to Japan and keep them from threatening war. Sent troops to Korea Peninsula Fired by Truman

24. Alger Hiss Lawyer and diplomat of Roosevelt’s administration. Whittaker Chambers claimed Hiss gave him secret documents from the State Department. Hiss denied it Chambers printed documents. Hiss convicted of perjury

25. Ethel & Julius Rosenburg Sent information to Soviet Union in 1950 Charged with heading a Soviet spy ring Executed in June 1953

26. Joseph McCarthy Accused M. La Follette, Jr. of being “communistically inclined.” Became Senator of U.S. Thought Communists were a danger to both at home and abroad. Accused a wide number of former famous people of disloyalty. McCarren Act Communists couldn’t get passports to travel abroad. McCarthyism Arresting disloyalty members Thought spies were in U.S. Army T.V. investigations; very cruel. Started loosing support of people Senate passed a censure vote on him.

27. Martin L. King Jr. Gandhi influenced King on nonviolent movements. Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks and Claudette Colvin arrested for not giving their seat up to white. Albany Movement Birmingham Campaign Wanted to end city’s segregated civil and discriminatory economic policies Series of “sit-ins” March on Washington King gave “I Have A Dream” speech. Whites and blacks there

28. Malcolm X Powerful and charismatic speaker Nation of Islam Preached black nationalism Believed African Americans should separate themselves from whites and form their own communities Black Panthers influenced by his ideas

29. Fidel Castro Allied himself with Soviets Planning nuclear attack Bay of Pigs Overthrown the dictator of Cuba. Castro’s forced killed almost all of La Brigada’s members. Failed attempt to overthrow Castro

30. John F. Kennedy 35th president of the U.S. Appointed a woman to his cabinet Assassinated in 1963 Bay of Pigs Attempt to overthrow Castro Cuban Missile Crisis Ordered a Naval blockade to stop missiles from being delivered. Agreed to not invade China and privately agreed to removing Turkish missiles. New Frontier Increase aid to education, provide health insurance to elderly, create Dep. Of Urban Affairs, and help migrant workers. Vietnam Increased military sent Test Ban Treaty Prohibited bomb testing on grounds, atmosphere, and underwater

31. Richard Nixon 37th president of the U.S. Vietnam War Approved of secret bombing campaign in Cambodia Looked into ending military draft Economy: Inflation deficit spending Equal Rights Amendment Title IX Prohibiting gender discrimination in all federally funded schools Equal Employment Opportunity Act Roe vs. Wade Prohibiting abortion of first 3 months Neil Armstrong went to moon Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Banned the development of systems designed to intercept incoming missiles. Watergate Scandal

32. Ronald Reagan 40th president of the U.S. Assassination attempt in first term Reaganomics support small business lower taxes deregulation “Just Say NO to Drugs!” Challenger blows up Immigration Reform & Control Act illegal to knowingly hire or recruit illegal immigrants, required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status, and granted amnesty to approximately 3 million illegal immigrants who entered the United States prior to January 1, 1982, and had lived in the country continuously.

33. Mikhail Gorbachev New leader of Soviet Union Believed S.U. had to reform its economic system or it would collapse Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty Destruction of nuclear weapons Reagan and Gorbachev couldn’t agree on anything