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Industry Reserve Adequacy 1998 CLRS, Philadelphia. Todd Hess, FCAS, MAAA Underwriters Reinsurance Company. Using Price Monitoring in Reserving. LR method: Use indicated loss ratio or relativity from earlier years Bornhuetter Ferguson method: Use as initial loss ratios
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Industry Reserve Adequacy1998 CLRS, Philadelphia Todd Hess, FCAS, MAAA Underwriters Reinsurance Company
Using Price Monitoring in Reserving • LR method: Use indicated loss ratio or relativity from earlier years • Bornhuetter Ferguson method: Use as initial loss ratios • Cape Cod (Stanard-Bühlman): Adjust premium via relativities • All methods: Reasonableness check
Bornhuetter-Ferguson IBNR = EP x ILR x % Unreported Cape Cod IBNRi = AEPi x ILR x % Unreportedi ILR = Known Incurred ¸ Avg. % Reported Avg. % Rpt’d = (SAEPi x % Rpt’di)/(SAEPi) AEP = EP adjusted for rate relativities, ie. through price monitoring
A Few Price Monitoring Approaches • Reinsurance • LR estimate on each piece of business written (Treaty reinsurance) • Average Att Point/Retention changes vs. average premium (Fac Certificate Reinsurance - many weaknesses) • Benchmark pricing relativity changes • Rate changes through underwriting audits
A Few Price Monitoring Approaches • Insurance • Percentage of proposed rate changes approved (admitted insurance) • Change in average rate derivations (schedule rating) • Change in average Basic Charges and insurance charges (experience rating)
Two More Topics • On-level factors vs. price monitoring • Reinsurance Effects • Traditional • Stop Loss
Loss Ratios Net of Reinsurance • Can look too low if buying cheap reinsurance/too high with expensive reinsurance • Premium Adjustment features can magnify net loss ratio swings • Look at retention changes/history of reinsurance rates • Net, Ceded, and Gross reserves can be affected in different ways to various pressures
Stop-Loss Reinsurance • Reserves difficult to evaluate when protected by Stop Loss Reinsurance • Reinsurers big purchasers • Structure can have wide ranging accounting treatments for both reinsurer and cedent • in the money lowers LR -- not inadequate, still protection • ceded reserve often offshore where discounting allowed • AP features can distort LRs