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Bellwork: Wednesday 4/11/2012

Bellwork: Wednesday 4/11/2012 . Write formulas for how the following elements would form Ionic compounds. Calcium + Silicon Sodium + Bromine Boron + Fluorine Potassium + Sulfur. Ca 2 Si. Ca +2 +. Si -4 . NaBr. Na +1 +. Br -1  . B +3 +. BF 3. F -1 . S -2 . K 2 S.

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Bellwork: Wednesday 4/11/2012

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  1. Bellwork: Wednesday 4/11/2012 Write formulas for how the following elements would formIonic compounds • Calcium + Silicon • Sodium + Bromine • Boron + Fluorine • Potassium + Sulfur Ca2Si Ca+2 + Si-4  NaBr Na+1+ Br-1 B+3+ BF3 F-1 S-2 K2S K+1+

  2. Example #1-Names to Formulas Aluminumchloride 1. Write symbols of elements (Al )x(Cl-1)y +3 2. Determine number of ions This formula says that the +3 charge of one Al atom will cancel the-3 charge from 3 Cl atoms x(+3) +y(-1) = 0 1(+3) +3(-1) = 0 Cl Al 3 1 Final Formula If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown

  3. Example #2-Names to Formulas X1 = Y2 Cobalt (II) bromate 2X = 1y 1. Write symbols of elements X(+2) +y(-1) = 0 2. Determine number of ions (Co+2)x(BrO3-1)y= 0 Choose the lowest set of integers thatsatisfies the equation ( )2 BrO3 Co 1 Final Formula If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown

  4. Example #3-Names to Formulas X1 = Y 3 Nickel (III) acetate 1. Write symbols of elements 3X = 1y X(+3) + y(-1) = 0 2. Determine number of ions (Ni+3)x(C2H3O2-1)y= 0 Choose the lowest set of integers thatsatisfies the equation ( )3 C2H3O2 Ni 1 Final Formula If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown

  5. Example #4-Names to Formulas X3 = Y1 Lithium phosphate 1X = 3y 1. Write symbols of elements X(+1) + y(-3) = 0 2. Determine number of ions (Li )x(PO4-3)y= 0 +1 PO4 Li ( )1 3 Final Formula If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown

  6. Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method Bariumnitrate 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! ( ) Ba2+ NO3- 2 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. Now balanced. Not balanced! 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts. = Ba(NO3)2

  7. Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method Iron (III) chloride 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Fe3+ Cl- 3 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. Now balanced. Not balanced! 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts. = FeCl3

  8. Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method Ammoniumsulfate 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! ( ) NH4+ SO42- 2 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. Now balanced. Not balanced! 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts. = (NH4)2SO4

  9. Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method Aluminumsulfide 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Al3+ S2- 2 3 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. Now balanced. Not balanced! 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts. = Al2S3

  10. DNA- The Master Molecule of Life- page 12 • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): A long, large molecule shaped like a twisted ladder (double helix). The plans for who you are and what you look like are chemically stored in the DNA (like a blueprint). • In 1953, Francis Crick and James Watson discovered that DNA is shaped like a ladder coiled into a 'double helix' shape. • Macromolecule: A very large molecule made from thousands of atoms (ex. DNA)

  11. VIDEO- DNA: Master Molecule of LifeAs you watch the following videos, fill out the video guide provided- page 12 • Video- Importance of DNA 1.34 • Molecule • Cells • Molecules/DNA • Genetic code • True • Video- DNA Subunits 3.45 • Macromolecule • 2 • False • 4 • Backbone • A and T, G and C

  12. Components of DNANucleotide Subunit: what DNA is made up of; each nucleotide has: ‘Sides’ of the ladder- (linked chains of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules) phosphate sugar ‘Rungs’ of the ladder-2 nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) bases attached to the sugar molecules (4 different types of bases) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) They link together in pairs (A with T, C with G) to form a rung The order of the bases and rungs creates a kind of code for the DNA information.

  13. Sides of the ladder: “Sugar-Phosphate Backbone” Phosphate PO43− Polyatomic Ion! Octet Rule-atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they have eight electrons in their valence shell. Given what you know about the chemical formula for the phosphate functional group, you can say that the rule is disobeyed in this case. Sugar (deoxyribose) 5 carbon ring Each corner of the pentagon represents a Carbon—they just don’t write it!

  14. Page 13- What five elements make up the DNA macromolecule? • Phosphorus • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen

  15. The DNA double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the bases attached to the two strands.

  16. AT base pair • With two hydrogen bonds • Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines

  17. GC base pair • With three hydrogen bonds

  18. DNA Sequencing- page 13 • PRACTICE: What would be the pair for: • Finish the DNA sequencing individually, then check answers together as a class • ACC • GAC • TAC • TGG • CTG • ATG • TAG • ATC • GCT • TGA • GAG • CAT • GCA • TGT • TAG • CGA • ATC • ACT • CTC • GTA • CGT • ACA

  19. Increasing knowledge about DNA creates more complicated possibilities for the future… Cloning- the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means Natural cloning is identical twins genetically different from parents What do you think about the possibilities for human cloning? If you could make a clone of yourself, would you do it? Why or why not? Record your answers in the space provided

  20. Cloning- KWL— Fill -in the “Know” and “Wonder” column NOW

  21. Video: The Clone Age As you watch the video… • …write four new things you learned on your KWL chart- page 13 • …pay attention to the scientific process involved in creating a clone • …note where hereditary information is stored in a cell and how this information may be altered

  22. 1st Cloned Mammal Dolly • 1997- Scotland • Sheep named Dolly • 276 attempts before success • What do you think happened to the unsuccessful attempts?? Dolly’s clone—NOT her baby!

  23. Remaining Time: Discuss questions as a class. Respond to the following questions in 3-4 complete sentences on page 13 for homework. • Discuss the ethics of cloning only the best and brightest of the human race. • If you were in charge of undertaking a cloning project, which qualities would you look for when selecting your cloning subjects? Explain why.

  24. EXTRA TIME? Practice Ionic NamingFormulas to Names & Names to Formulas • Na2SO4 • Fe(NO3)2 • PbI4 • (NH4)3PO4 • Na2CO3 • Be(OH)2 • Magnesium Hydroxide • Magnesium nitride • Silver Acetate • Aluminum Chloride • Sodium Sulfate • Iron (II) Nitrate • Lead (IV) iodide • Ammonium Phosphate • Sodium carbonate • Beryllium Hydroxide • Mg(OH)2 • Mg3N2 • AgC2H3O2 • AlCl3

  25. EXTRA TIME? Practice Ionic NamingNames to Formulas • Calcium Carbonate • Potassium Chloride • Iron (II) Sulfate • Lithium bromide • Magnesium chloride • Iron (III) chloride • Zinc Phosphate • Ammonium Nitrate • Aluminum hydroxide • Copper (I) Acetate • Lead (II) Sulfite • Sodium Chlorate • Calcium Oxalate • Iron (III) Oxide • Ammonium Phosphate • Sodium hydrogen sulfate • Mercury (I) chloride • Magnesium nitrate • Copper (II) sulfate • Sodium hydrogen carbonate • Nickel (III) bromide • Beryllium nitrate • Zinc sulfate • Gold (III) chloride • Potassium permanganate

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