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Late 19 th Century Social Change in America. Urbanization. Inventions Transportation Shopping & Entertainment Living Conditions Jacob Riis– How the Other Half Lives Sanitation Communities Religious Responses Social Gospel Mary Baker Eddy
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Urbanization • Inventions • Transportation • Shopping & Entertainment • Living Conditions • Jacob Riis– How the Other Half Lives • Sanitation • Communities • Religious Responses • Social Gospel • Mary Baker Eddy • Christian Relief Organizations– YMCA, Salvation Army • Women at work • Literature
“New” Immigration • Where? • Southern & Eastern Europe • Asia • Why? • Economic opportunity • Unemployment • Freedom from religious persecution • Freedom from harsh political rule
“New” Immigration • Characteristics: • Unskilled laborers– factory & RR workers • Poverty-stricken • Urban dwellers • Preservation of traditional culture • More skilled or educated, more upwardly mobile
“New” Immigration • Responses & Reactions • Political machines • Social Gospel (Walter Rauschenbusch) • Settlement Houses • Jane Addams– Hull House– Chicago • Lillian Wald– Henry Street– NY • Florence Kelley– National Consumers League • Nativism • American Protective Association • Fear of socialist ideology
“New” Immigration • Responses & Reactions • Chinese Immigrants: • Denis Kearney • Chinese Exclusion Act • U.S. vs. Wong Kim Ark • “Undesirables”
Challenges to Traditional Thought • Darwin’s On the Origin of Species & The Descent of Man • Psychology– id, ego, superego • Man as irrational and instinctual • Responses: • Fundamentalists • Accommodationists or modernists • Facts vs. Values
Educational Change • State-funded compulsory education • Women’s colleges • Morrill Act of 1862 • Land grant colleges • Hatch Act • Agricultural experiment stations
New Morality • Changing attitudes • Women’s Roles • Comstock Laws– Reaction • Temperance • Demon Rum • National Prohibition Party • WCTU– Frances Willard • Carrie Nation • Anti-Saloon League • Dry states
Women’s Roles • Charlotte Perkins Gilman– economic independence • Social Reform Movements • Political Reform Movements • National American Woman Suffrage Association • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Susan B. Anthony • Carrie Chapman Catt • Linked vote to traditional roles • West– greater equality for women • Married women’s property rights