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Lesson 8: September 17, 1999. Readings Main reading is Ch. 6, ‘Rivers and Flooding’ For this section of the course, also be familiar with “Measurements and Data Analysis” and “Rivers and Flooding” in the lab
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Lesson 8: September 17, 1999 • Readings • Main reading is Ch. 6, ‘Rivers and Flooding’ • For this section of the course, also be familiar with “Measurements and Data Analysis” and “Rivers and Flooding” in the lab • Also read, although we will not focus on it, Ch. 13, ‘Global Climate Change’, Sections 8.1, 8.2 on Cyclones
Hurricane Floyd • http://www.intellicast.com • Atlantic IR, Carib IR HiRes, ITCZ • http://www.noaa.gov • Probabilities • http://www.cnn.com • Storm Center for VRML
Exercise 5 • Exponential function • On back, locations
Let’s locate Ourselves • Latitude and longitude of Africa • Position of the Nile in Africa • Rainfall • Highlands: Mt. Elgon, Ruwenzori, Ethiopian • Three main tributaries: Blue, White, Atbara • Lakes: Victoria, Albert, Tana, Nasser, (Sudd) • Gauging stations: Sennar, Malakal, Atbara, Aswan • Major cities: Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala
The Nile Basin • The Nile flows 2700 km without being joined by a major tributary • Rainfall • Totals, N and S of Khartoum, 300 mm • Variability • Evapotranspiration • An exercise later • Discharge, the resultant effect
From Mt. Elgon to the Delta • The Highlands • Ruwenzori, Elgon • The Sudd • Cataract region • Khartoum to Aswan • Not navigable • Floodplain section • Aswan to Cairo • Cross sections • Delta • Distributaries
What is Flooding? • Flooding is the rise of a body of water, usually a stream (incl. river), above its confines to submerge surrounding areas • Flooding may affect more people and cause greater loss of life than any other natural hazard • Mortality through drowning but also famine, which commonly follows • Main problems are in lowland areas, such as Bangladesh and Mississippi floodplain (e.g., 1993)