Warm-Up

1. Warm-Up • Who colonized Mexico? • How does America feel towards Mexico today? • Define impede.

2. Oregon Trail Scenarios • Date: 1830 • You and your family/friends/group are about to embark on a new adventure to settle out West from Missouri! Yay! • The following scenarios are common problems that people came across during this time period. Keep the date in mind and think like an old settler would!

3. Oregon Trail Scenarios • You and your group have come together realizing the opportunities you could all have out West. You need to list what supplies you will need to ensure a safe and successful trip to Oregon! Good luck!

4. Oregon Trail Scenarios 10 Points • Food • Water • Clothing • Wagon • Oxen/horse • $$$ 20 Points • Guns/Ammo • Seeds • Tools • Oil Lantern • Tarp Canvas • Extra oxen 30 Points • Bible/Religion • Extra Wagon Parts 50 Points - Medicine

5. Oregon Trail Scenarios • You and your group have finally left and are ready to get down to the tough part of your journey out West. • Oh no! Hardly anyone has inhabited these areas before. List possible things that could harm you or impede your progress while moving out West.

6. Oregon Trail Scenarios 10 Points • Snakes • Wild Animals • Lack of Water • Starvation • Lack of Trails 20 Points • Native Americans • Bandits • Other Travelers 30 Points • Rivers • Illness • Extreme Weather Conditions

7. Oregon Trail Scenarios • Thank Baby Jesus you made it! This Manifest Destiny thing ACTUALLY worked out for us! • What steps will you need to take to successfully settle down or survive in this uninhabited land?

8. Oregon Trail Scenarios 10 Points • Build home • Clothes (Buffalo) • Food (Buffalo) • Plant crops • Make roads • Water source 20 Points • Soddie house • Perimeter/ fence • Make babies • Gov’t • Create town/ jobs/trade 30 Points • Go back East • Peace with Natives • Die

9. Texas War for Independence • Steps leading to war: • Mexico won their independence from Spain in 1821 • Wanted trade with the U.S. and encourage U.S. immigration to Texas (a part of Mexico) • Stephen Austin leads a group of Americans to TX • Main job of Americans = farming cotton • By 1835, over 30,000 Americans in TX • More Americans = harder for the Mexican government to control them

10. Texas War for Independence • Outbreak of War • Mexico threatens to abolish slavery, Americans in TX declare independence • Mexican gov’tstrips Americans of rights and mobilizes an army • Mexican troops led by General Santa Anna attack the Alamo • Americans try to stall; know they will lose, but fight their hardest

11. The Alamo • The Alamo • An old, abandoned mission (site of former Spanish atrocities towards the Mexicans) • Americans are forced to surrender • Santa Anna gives the order for all Americans remaining to be killed • Leads to the battle cry- “Remember the Alamo” • One of the most notorious battles in American history • Alamo still standing in San Antonio, Texas

13. Texas War for Independence • While Americans are buying time fighting at the Alamo, Sam Houston is able to organize a Texan army • He leads the Americans to victory in numerous locations • Battle of San Jacinto: with American victory here, Santa Anna is captured and forced to grant TX their independence from Mexico

15. Aftermath of the War • Texas wants to become a state in the U.S. after the war • Congress says “no” because • Worried Mexico did not really consider the war over • Did not want to go to war with Mexico • Northern states did not want to add another slave state • Texas remains an independent country for over 10 years- known as the “Republic of Texas” and the “Lone Star Republic”

16. James K. Polk: Expansionist President • Ran with the platform of expansion and slogan “54040’ or Fight”- referring to the Oregon Territory • When he is elected, he decides it’s a mandate from the people (a mandate is an informal command) • He begins to add to the size of the U.S.

17. Oregon • Even though he ran with the slogan “54040’ or Fight,” he ends up peacefully settling the dispute with England • Instead of taking all the territory, we split it in half with England…keeping the established border of the 49th parallel

18. Oregon What the U.S. wanted What the U.S. and Britain agreed on What Britain wanted

19. Texas • He annexes Texans in 1845, making it the 28th state • Mexico, as predicted, becomes upset • Mexico organizes troops near the Texas/Mexico border • Polk sends Zachary Taylor to Texas with American troops • In an argument over the “true” border, Taylor claims Mexican troops attacked his men and asks Polk to declare war on Mexico

20. May 1846-1848 Mexican War (Mr. Polk’s War) • Began as an argument over the annexation of Texas and border between Texas and Mexico • Many Americans (especially those in the South and West) are in favor of the war to gain more land • At the end of the war, we gain: California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, etc.

21. Mexican War • 4 Fronts • California, Santa Fe, Mexico City, Northeast Mexico • Leaders • Zachary Taylor (“Old Rough & Ready”) • John C. Freemont (Freed CA) • Kearney “Long Marcher” (Marched from KS to NM) • Winfield Scott (main commander)

22. Mexican War • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) • 3 Terms • Rio Grande is the border • $15 Million to Mexico • Enlarged U.S. territory by 1/3 • LEADS TO…

23. Mexican War • Gadsden Purchase, 1853 • U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for this land • Made current US Mexican border complete • Wilmot Proviso, 1846 • Believers wanted no slavery in Mexico territory • North= endorsed • South= opposed • NEVER PASSES

24. Mexican War Chart • Use your textbook to complete the Mind Map provided. • You have 30 minutes- use your time wisely. • Use both the Red and the Blue books.