IC 3 BASICS, Internet and Computing Core Certification

1. IC3 BASICS, Internet and Computing Core Certification Research Papers: Footnotes, Citations, and Bibliographies

2. Vocabulary The half of knowledge is to know where to find knowledge. • Citations • Footnotes • Endnotes • MLA • APA • Sources • References Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

3. Research Papers • One of Microsoft Office 2007 Word’s greatest improvements is making research papers easier to do by making: • Citations, endnotes, footnotes, and bibliographies easier to do, using either: • MLA or APA styles • Both MLA and APA guidelines suggest the use of in-text parenthetical citations (placed at the end of the sentence), instead of footnoting each source of material in a paper. • These parenthetical acknowledgements guide the reader to the end of the paper for complete information about the source. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

4. Reference Tab • The Reference tab is broken into the following boxes: • Table of Contents • Footnotes • Citations and Bibliographies • Captions • Index • Table of Authorities • In this presentation, we will focus on the Footnotes and Citations and Bibliographies boxes. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

5. References- All Sources! • During your research, be sure to record essential publication information about each of your sources. The following is a sample is a list of types of required information. • Books: Full name of author(s), complete title of book, edition (if available), volume (if available), publication city, publication year. • Magazines: Full name of author(s), complete title of article, magazine title, date of magazine, page numbers of article. • Web site: Full name of author(s), title of the web site, date viewed, website URL (address). Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

6. Utilizing Microsoft Word 2007 • Word provides tools to assist you in inserting citations in a paper and later generates a list of sources from the citations. • When a document style is selected, Word will automatically format the citations and list of sources. The process for adding citations in Word is as follows: • Modify the documentation style, if necessary. • Insert a citation placeholder. • Enter the source documentation Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

7. Choosing a Bibliography Style • Click on the Reference tab on Word. • Make sure the insertion point is located where you want to place the citation. • Select Style and choose which style (MLA) Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

8. Insert a Citation and Create a Source • When you want to insert a citation, first of all make sure that your insertion point is at the end of the sentence. • Select the Insert Citation button, then choose: • Add new source • Choose type of Source • Complete the dialog box with the information. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

9. Citation Information • Complete the Citation dialog box as shown to the right. • When completed, the information is saved for later use and the citation is automatically placed at the insertion point. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

10. Edit a Citation • During your research paper, you may need to edit a citation, such as changing page numbers • To edit the citation, click on the citation on the document. A down arrow will be displayed. • Select Edit Citation. Once you completed the citation, you simply continue keyboarding your research paper. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

11. Insert a Citation Placeholder • Sometimes you might not have the citation information with you. You can place a Citation placeholder, so that you can come back at a later date. • Maybe you know the author’s name. You may want to give at least a placeholder name; then select OK. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

12. Footnotes • Explanatory notes are optional in the MLA documentation style. • They are used primarily to elaborate on points discussed in the research paper. • The MLA style specifies that a superscript (raised number) be used to indicate an explanatory note. • This note is on the bottom of the page as a footnote, or at the end of the document as an endnote. • In Word, note text can be any length or format. • Word automatically numbers the notes sequentially. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

13. Insert a Footnote Reference Mark • With the insertion positioned for the footnote mark, select the footnote button. • Once you click on the button, a footnote placeholder is placed on the bottom of the page. • Now you can enter the text for your footnote. Other Way Press: CTRL + Alt + F Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

14. Footnote Text Style • When inserting a footnote, Word formats the text using Footnote Text style, which does not adhere to the MLA documentation style. • According to MLA style, the footnote/endnote should be formatted like all the other paragraphs in the document. • You can change the footnote by using first line indent and double spacing. Change the size of the font to match the rest of the document. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citations, and Bibliographies

15. Editing Footnotes • You can edit footnotes just the same as any other text in the documents. • If you are using the MLA style, you need to change the footnote format to match the normal text. • The easiest way to do this is to select the footnote text and select Normal in the Home tab in the Styles box. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

16. Create a Bibliographical List • As you are working on your research paper, you are compiling a list of several citations and their sources. • Once you complete the research paper , insert the bibliography. Microsoft Word automatically inserts the list in alphabetical order. • You can choose the label Bibliography or Work Cited. • Just click Insert Bibliography . Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

17. Modify a Style using the Styles Task Pane • If you wish, you can modify the bibliography using the Change Style button from the Home tab. • Select the bibliography text. • Select the Change Style button. • Then choose which style you want to use. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

18. To Create a Hanging Indent • As a default, Word sets the Bibliography listings as a right justification • To change to an Hanging Indent • Select the text. • Click on the Hanging Indent portion of the “bottom part hourglass on the ruler” and move to the right on the ruler to the .5 inch mark. • Your hanging indent is complete. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

19. Summary • That completes the lesson on using Citations, Footnotes, Endnotes, and Bibliographies. • You have learned: • Research styles: MLA or APA • Microsoft’s Word Reference Tab • Information needed for citations , footnotes, and endnotes. • Inserting a citation from a new source. • Entering information to dialog box. • Placing a citation placeholder. • Inserting a footnotes or endnotes • Formatting text in the footnotes or endnotes. • Creating a bibliography or work cited automatically • Format hanging indents. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

20. Now you can do research papers with footnote and citation with confidence! Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies

21. Bibliography • Shelly, Gary B., Cashman, Thomas J., Vermaat, Misty E. Microsoft Office 2007, Thompson Course Technology, Boston, Ma, 2008, pages WD 94-116. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies