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IC 3 GS3 Standard Computing Fundamentals Module

IC 3 GS3 Standard Computing Fundamentals Module. COMPUTER HARDWARE & PERIPHERALS (OBJECTIVE 1.1). Objectives. Identify different types of computer devices Identify the role of the CPU including how the speed of a microprocessor is measured

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IC 3 GS3 Standard Computing Fundamentals Module

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  1. IC3 GS3 StandardComputing Fundamentals Module COMPUTER HARDWARE & PERIPHERALS (OBJECTIVE 1.1)

  2. Objectives • Identify different types of computer devices • Identify the role of the CPU including how the speed of a microprocessor is measured • Identify concepts related to computer memory (measurement of memory, RAM, ROM) • Identify the features and benefits (storage capacity, shelf-life, etc.) of different storage media • Identify the types and purposes of standard input and output devices on desktop or laptop computers • Identify how hardware devices are connected to and installed on a computer system.

  3. PROCESS OF COMPUTING • Input: Some device or method to input data so it can be processed • Process: Circuits and programs to process the data • Output: the result of its processing • Storage: Some mechanism for storing data

  4. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) • tiny silicon chip-BRAINS of computer • System clock- an electronic pulse that controls the speed of the CPU • The rate of the pulse is measured in megahertz (MHz).

  5. Communicating with the CPU (cont.) • ASCII code and binary code • series of 1s and 0s - every 1 or 0 is a bit of information. • Data is stored in a series of 8-bit combinations (byte)called a byte. Every character, such as a letter, number, or punctuation mark, is a byte created from a unique combination of ones and zeros. • 8 bits = 1 byte • Today most personal computers have processors that use 32-bit and 64 bit numbers

  6. Computer Memory • Data being processed by a CPU is stored in SYSTEM MEMORY. • Not permanent—if power fails, everything in memory is lost. • Must be stored on a disk or some other device for PERMANENT MEMORY--so it is not lost each time the computer shuts down

  7. Types of Computer Memory There are two types of memory found on a motherboard: • RAM: Random Access Memory • ROM: Read-Only Memory RAM chip

  8. Random Access Memory (RAM) • short-term memory where data is processed while a program is running • can be accessed and modified as needed • loses any data it holds if the computer is shut down-”volatile”. • RAM is also called main memory

  9. Read-Only Memory (ROM) • memory placed on the motherboard by the manufacturer and contains instructions, such as BIOS ROM, that tell the computer how to start itself • cannot be accessed or modified by application programs • contents of this memory are not lost when the computer is shut down

  10. Storage Devices PERMANENT: • Hard drive (c drive) – Permanent, large capacity, not removable REMOVABLE: • Magnetic Media - floppy disks • CD’s/DVD’S—Optical Media • Flash Memory - Flash memory sticks or cards • Virtual or Internet Storage - not a physical part of the computer (dropbox.com)

  11. Removable Types of Storage • CD-Roms can store up to 680MB and are used to store data, music, and graphics. Can be read by a digital device. • CD-R –after recording, it cannot be changed. • CD-RW – A type of CD disk that can be recorded, and erased • DVD used to store digital video. Many computers now have a CD/DVD drive that can read both types of optical media. • Network drive – the I:

  12. Input and Output Devices • INPUT devices: enable user to enter data and commands to the computer to be processed • OUTPUT devices: enable the computer to give or show results of its processing • Some devices, such as a modem, can perform both input and output operations.

  13. Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Voice Recognition (microphones) • Scanners • Joystick/controller • Trackball • Graphics tablet • Touch display screen • Digital cameras • Robotic controls

  14. Output Devices — Monitors • used to display video output to a user • Factors that influence the quality of a monitor: • Screen size: The diagonal measurement in inches of the display area • Resolution: The number of pixels that can be displayed in the display area • Dot pitch: The distance between each pixel in the display area

  15. Output Devices — Printers • Used to create a hard copy of a document or image • Vary by speed, quality, and price. • The most popular types: • Laser: Produce images using the same techniques as copier machines • Ink-Jet: Use fine nozzles to spray ink onto the page as the paper passes through

  16. Other Output Devices • Plotters • Projectors • Speakers • Voice synthesizers

  17. The Motherboard A circuit board that mounts inside the microcomputer’s plastic case. It contains: • The central processing unit or CPU • Basic controllers • Expansion ports and slots • Memory

  18. Diagram of aSimplified Motherboard

  19. Expansion Ports and Slots • Ports are specialized plugs that connect peripheral devices to the computer’s motherboard. • Expansion slots are openings on the motherboard where a circuit board or memory chip can be added.

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