PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1:

1. Idaho Roads Scholar Program PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1: Part 1: Pavement Preservation

2. Learning Objectives • Become familiar with terminology • Distinguish between preventive and reactive repairs • Understand basic pavement management concepts • Monitoring pavement condition • Pavement life cycle

3. Issues • What is pavement preservation? • What is preventive maintenance? • What is corrective maintenance? • When should these actions be taken? • Are these activities effective? • If so, then why doesn’t everyone have a pavement preservation program?

4. Definitions • Preventive Maintenance • Corrective Maintenance • Pavement Preservation • Pavement Rehabilitation

5. Preventive Maintenance The planned strategy of cost effective treatments to an existing roadway system and its appurtenances that preserves the system, retards future deterioration, and maintains or improves the functional condition of the system (without increasing structural capacity). - AASHTO’s Standing Committee on Highways

6. Preventive Maintenance • Planned • Performed on good pavements • Contributes to long-term performance • Examples: Fog Seal, Chip Seal, Thin HMA Overlay

7. Corrective Maintenance • Reactive • Performed on failing pavements • Does not contribute to long-term performance • Examples: Patching, Pothole Repair

8. Pavement Preservation The sum of all activities undertaken to provide and maintain serviceable roadways; this includes corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance, as well as minor rehabilitation projects - National Highway Institute

9. Pavement Preservation Pavement Preservation Corrective Maintenance Preventive Maintenance + =

10. Pavement Rehabilitation Work undertaken to extend the service life of an existing pavement. This includes the restoration, placing an overlay, and/or other work required to return an existing roadway to a condition of structural and functional adequacy. - National Highway Institute

11. Candidate for…?

12. Candidate for…?

13. Candidate for…?

14. Type Planned? Before Deterioration? Extends Facility Life? Routine Yes Not Necessarily Sometimes Reactive (Demand) No No Probably Not Corrective Generally No Sometimes Preventive Yes Yes Yes Types of Maintenance Activities

15. Pavement Management Concepts • Pavement Life Cycle • Pavement Condition • Pavement Condition Index (PCI) • Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI) • Critical “PCI”

16. Pavement Lifecycle Pavement Condition Time or Traffic

17. Pavement Condition • Pavement Condition can be rated using any number rating systems, including: • Pavement Condition Index (PCI) • PCI = 100 is New/Excellent and PCI = 0 is Failed • Present Serviceablity Index (PSI) • PSI = 5 is New and PSI = 0 is Failed • Used in the AASHTO Design Methodology • International Roughness Index (IRI) • Rating is Inches/Mile and is automatically recorded

18. 100 Excellent 85 VeryGood 70 Good 55 Fair 40 Poor 25 Very Poor 10 Failed 0 Pavement Condition Index • Corps of Engineers Develop for Airfields • ASTM now has standards for both highways and airfields • Analyze Distresses • Type • Severity • Density

19. Pavement Condition Index • Example: • Distress Type: Weathering/Raveling • Distress Severity: Moderate • Distress Density: 100% of Surface • PCI Deduct Value: 12pts • Pavement Condition Index: 88

20. Pavement Condition 100 PCI = 88 Pavement Condition Index 0 Time or Traffic

21. Pavement Condition 100 Critical PCI = 65 - 70 Pavement Condition Index 0 Time or Traffic

22. Critical PCI Preventive Maintenance 100 Critical PCI Corrective Maint, Rehabilitation, or Reconstruction Pavement Condition Index 0 Time or Traffic

23. Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance Pavement Condition Time or Traffic

24. Corrective Maintenance/Repair Corrective Repairs Pavement Condition Time or Traffic

25. Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Pavement Condition Time or Traffic

26. Reconstruction Reconstruction Pavement Condition Time or Traffic

27. Philosophy of Pavement Preservation Applying the right treatment . . . To the right pavement . . . At the right time

28. Benefits of a Pavement Preservation Program • Higher customer satisfaction • Better informed decisions • Improved strategies and techniques • Improved pavement condition • Costs savings • Increased safety

29. Better Informed Decisions • Program relies on proper treatment selection and treatment timing • Need information to make decisions • Successful programs have been integrated with Pavement Management Systems (PMS)

30. Improved Pavement Condition • Preventive maintenance helps to preserve a pavement and extend its performance • Overall condition of network improves • Fair, Poor, and Failed Pavements are reconstructed and returned to a high pavement condition • Excellent and Good Pavements are kept in high condition

31. Preventive Maintenance Pavement Condition Time or Traffic Pavement Condition

32. 80 70 60 50 % of Pavement Network 40 30 20 10 0 % Poor % Fair % Good % Excellent 1994 Base 1999 Worst First 1999 Preventive Effect of Pavement Preservation

33. Cost Savings • Most persuasive argument for shifting to preventive maintenance strategies • Forms of cost savings • Less expensive treatments • Longer pavement life • Reduction of user delay costs

34. Cost Comparison of Options • Preventive maintenance: $10,270 • Rehabilitation: $45,570 • Reconstruction: $574,000

35. 50 40 30 Current Percent of Network Year 5 20 10 0 Failed Poor Fair Good Excellent Condition Rating (PCI) Use of PMS Information

36. Increased Safety • Safety is the #1 priority of users • Explicit benefits • Improved surface friction • Fewer defects • Implicit benefits • Better pavement condition • Fewer and less disruptive repairs

37. Additional Benefits • Agencies have a stable budget • Agencies have stable workforce • Contractors have stable workforce • Not affected by upswings and downswings

38. Current Funding Status • In the past, eligibility for Federal funding required that the pavement be improved structurally • Recent highway bills have changed the way preventive maintenance is funded

39. Challenges to Implementation • Agencies that have implemented a preventive maintenance program report extremely positive results. • Why isn’t everyone doing it? • Barriers, both real and perceived...

40. Public Perceptions • Public averse to steering maintenance dollars toward pavements in good condition • Agencies more likely to receive complaints about specific defects than overall network • Need to educate the public about new philosophy

41. Management Perceptions • Need commitment from management to succeed • Maintenance not traditionally given a high priority • Need to create awareness of benefits • Personnel changes disrupt continuity

42. Summary • Anticipated benefits • Higher customer satisfaction • Better informed decisions • Improved strategies and techniques • Improved pavement condition • Cost savings • Increased safety • Stability

43. Summary (cont’d) • Challenges are widespread • Public perception • Management perception

44. So what is Pavement Management ? • Systematic method for routinely collecting, storing, and retrieving decision-making data needed to make maximum use of limited dollars • It also creates a set of steps or computer routines for quickly accessing the data to arrive at educated decisions

45. Review • Become familiar with terminology • Distinguish between preventive and reactive repairs • Understand basic pavement management concepts • Monitoring pavement condition • Pavement life cycle

46. Questions? PMS