1 / 13

BLOOD

BLOOD. THE BODY’S LIFE FLUID. BLOOD & BLOOD CELLS. BLOOD- TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE BLOOD VOLUME AND COMPOSITION AVERAGE ADULT- 5L BLOOD VOLUME ABOUT 45% CELLS BY VOLUME (HEMATOCRIT)- MOSTLY RBC 55% LIQUID- PLASMA WATER, AMINO ACIDS, CARBS, LIPIDS, VITAMINS, HORMONES. RED BLOOD CELLS.

tamal
Download Presentation

BLOOD

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. BLOOD THE BODY’S LIFE FLUID

  2. BLOOD & BLOOD CELLS • BLOOD- TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE • BLOOD VOLUME AND COMPOSITION • AVERAGE ADULT- 5L BLOOD VOLUME • ABOUT 45% CELLS BY VOLUME (HEMATOCRIT)- MOSTLY RBC • 55% LIQUID- PLASMA • WATER, AMINO ACIDS, CARBS, LIPIDS, VITAMINS, HORMONES

  3. RED BLOOD CELLS • RED BLOOD CELLS- ERYTHROCYTES • BICONCAVE TO INCREASE SURFACE AREA FOR CARRYING GASES • HEMOGLOBIN- PROTEIN MOLECULE THAT CARRIES OXYGEN • OXYGEN MAKES THE CELL RED, LACK OF OXYGEN- DARKER • ADULT RBC LACK NUCLEI AND CANNOT REPRODUCE • RED BLOOD CELL COUNTS • AVERAGE- 4.6 MIL TO 6.2 MIL mm2, cubic millimeter • THIS CORRELATES TO OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY • DESTRUCTION OF RBC- MACROPHAGES

  4. RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION • HEMATOPOIESIS • PRODUCED IN RED BONE MARROW • AVERAGE LIFE SPAN- 120 DAYS • NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM- ERYTHROPOIETIN • IRON REQUIRED FOR HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION

  5. TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS • WHITE BLOOD CELLS- LEUKOCYTES- • PROTECT AGAINST DISEASE • GRANULOCYTES- LEUKOCYTES WITH GRANULAR CYTOPLASM • AGRANULOCYTES- WITHOUT CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES • NEUTROPHILS- CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES • NEUCLEUS- TWO TO FIVE LOBES • 54-62% OF LEUKOCYTES • PHAGOCYTIZE SMALL PARTICLES • EOSINOPHILS- GRANULATED • NUCLEUS- TWO LOBES • 1-3% LEUKOCYTES • KILLS PARASITES & HELPS CONTROL INFLAMMATION & ALLERGIC RXN

  6. TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS • BASOPHILS- FEWER GRANULES THAN EOSINOPHILS • <1% LEUKOCYTES • RELEASE HERAPIN & HISTAMINE- INCREASE BLOOD FLOW • MONOCYTES- NO GRANULES- LARGEST BLOOD CELL • NUCLEUS- VARY IN SHAPE • 3-9% OF LEUKOCYTES • PHAGOCYTIZE LARGE PARTICLES • LYMPHOCYTES- NO GRANULES- VERY SMALL • NUCLEUS- LARGE & ROUND • 25-33% OF LEUKOCYTES- MAY LIVE FOR YEARS • PROVIDES IMMUNITY • WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT • AVERAGE- 5-10 THOU PER mm2, cubic millimeter • THIS CORRELATES TO THE ABILITY TO FIGHT INFECTIOUS DISEASES

  7. PLATELETS • PLATELETS- THROMBOCYTES- NOT COMPLETE CELLS • ARISE FROM MEGAKARYOCYTES IN BONE MARROW • HELP CLOSE BREAKS IN DAMAGED BLOOD VESSELS AND INITIATE THE FORMATION OF BLOOD CLOTS • PLATELET COUNT- AVERAGE 130-360 THOU PER mm2

  8. PLASMA • PLASMA- CLEAR, STRAW COLORED LIQUID • WHERE BLOOD CELLS ARE SUSPENDED • 92% WATER + ORGANIC AND INORGANIC BIOCHEMICALS • PLASMA PROTEINS- DISSOLVED IN PLASMA • ALBUMIN- 60%- FROM LIVER- HELPS MAINTAIN BLOOD OSMOTIC PRESSURE • GLOBULINS- 36%- FROM LIVER- TRANSPORT LIPIDS & VITAMINS • FIBRINOGEN- 4%- FROM LIVER- BLOOD COAGULATION • NUTRIENTS & GASES • LIPOPROTEINS- TRANSPORT NUTRIENTS • GASES- OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE • NITROGENOUS SUBSTANCES- AMINO ACIDS, UREA, URIC ACID • ELECTROLYTES- SALTS, IONS, AND IONIC COMPOUNDS

  9. HEMOSTASIS • HEMOSTASIS- STOPPAGE OF BLEEDING • BLOOD VESSEL SPASM- CONTRACTION OF BLOOD VESSEL WALLS AFTER DAMAGE • PLATELET PLUG FORMATION- PLATELETS CLING TO ANY ROUGH OR DAMGED SURFACE. ALSO TO EACH OTHER. • BLOOD COAGULATION- FORMATION OF A BLOOD CLOT • PLASMA PROTEINS CHANGE TO INSOLUBLE FIBRIN • PRODUCTION OF ALPHA GLOBULIN- PROTHROMBIN • CALCIUM IONS TURN PROTHROMBIN INTO THROMBIN • THROMBIN HELPS FIBRIN FRAGMENTS TO JOIN • POSITIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM • THROMBUS- ABNORMAL BLOT CLOT- ATRERIOSCLEROSIS • EMBOLUS- DISLODGED THROMBUS- EMBOLISM

  10. BLOOD GROUPS & TRANSFUSIONS • ANTIGENS- RBC SURFACE MOLECULES & ANTIBODIES- CARRIED IN PLASMA BOTH HELP DETERMINE BLOOD TYPE • ABO GROUP- BASED ON PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TWO MAJOR ANTIGENS ON RBC (A & B) • FOUR COMBOS- • A ONLY PRESENT- A- HAS ANTI-B ANTIBODY • B ONLY PRESENT- B- HAS ANTI-A ANTIBODY • BOTH PRESENT- AB- HAS NEITHER ANTIBODY- • UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT • NEITHER PRESENT- O- HAS BOTH ANTIBODIES- • UNIVERSAL DONOR

  11. Rh BLOOD GROUP • Rh BLOOD GROUP- Rh ANTIGENS • Rh POSITIVE- HAS ANTIGENS • Rh NEGATIVE- LACKS ANTIGENS • ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS- IF WOMAN HAS –VE OR +VE ANTIBODIES AND CONCEIVES WITH MAN THAT HAS CORRESPONDING ANTIGEN- NEWBORN WILL BE AFFECTED

More Related