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Performances of SiPMT array readout for Fast Time-of-Flight Detectors

13th Conference on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors Siena – 7-10 October 2013. Performances of SiPMT array readout for Fast Time-of-Flight Detectors. M. Bonesini 1 , R. Bertoni 1 , A. De Bari 2 , R. Nardo’ 2 , M. Prata 2 , M. Rossella 2 Presented by M. Bonesini

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Performances of SiPMT array readout for Fast Time-of-Flight Detectors

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  1. 13th Conference on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors Siena – 7-10 October 2013 Performances of SiPMT array readout for Fast Time-of-Flight Detectors M. Bonesini1, R. Bertoni1, A. De Bari2, R. Nardo’2, M. Prata2, M. Rossella2 Presented by M. Bonesini INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca - Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini1 INFN, Sezione di Pavia - Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare e Teorica2

  2. Outline • Introduction • Scintillator based TOF detectors • PMTs vs SiPMT arrays • Test setup • Results • Conclusions M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  3. PID methods • Particle identification (PID) is crucial in most experiments (from /K identification in B physics to e/ separation at 10-2 level for p< 1GeV) • At low momenta TOF methods are used (p 3-4 GeV/c) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  4. Particle ID with TOF • TOF based on measure of t over a fixed length L • Mass resolution dominated by t (not measure of L, p) • Separation power in standard deviation  p K d Beam particle separation in HARP beam Tof , for a 3 GeV beam M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  5. Examples of TOF detectors • Based on scintillator counters: simple to made, sensitive to B, read at both ends by PMTs, good resolutions -> 50-100 ps (depends mainly on L,Npe) • Based on PPC or spark chambers: some care in production, not sensitive to B, very good resolutions -> 30-50 ps • Based on RPC’s: cheap (suitable for large areas), not sensitive to B, R&D in development, very good resolutions -> 50 ps Rate problems M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  6. Precise TOF and Hit position Basics of double-sided scintillator counters Pmt Scintillator + lightguide Tof resolution can be expressed as: Some points tolook havehighresolution tof’s M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  7. Problems for high resolution scintillator based TOF (t < 100 ps) • pl dominated by geometrical dimensions (L/Npe) • scint  50-60 ps (mainly connected with produced number of ’s fast and scintillator characteristics, such as risetime) • PMT PMT TTS (typically 70-150 ps) • Additional problems in harsh environments: • B field (-> fine mesh PMTs/shielding of conventional PMTs) • High particle rates (tuning of operation HV for PMTs) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  8. SiPMT arrays vs PMTs • PMTs • Large active area > 0.5 – 1 inches • Gain G depends on external magnetic fields B (needs shielding, aside fine-mesh PMTs) • Good TTS: typical values in the range 150-400 ps • Fast PMTs are quite expensive: 1000-1500 E • Needs HV: typically 1000-2000 V • Low noise rate ~1KHZ • SiPMT arrays • Active area up to 1x1 cm2 typically • Gain G insensitive to external magnetic fields, but depend on temperature T (needs feedback) • Good STPR response for single SiPMT ~140-300 ps • Quite cheap • Needs low voltages: ~30 V for SenSL, Advansid , ~70 V for Hamamatsu • High noise rate up to MHZ M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  9. Timing resolution of photo detectors • Resolution improves: • By decreasing active area • As From G. Colazzuol (LIGHT11 2011) From K. Arikasa NIM A422 (2000) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  10. Conventional fast TOF with PMT readout have found application in many experiments Tof detectors MICE at RAL (Hamamatsu R4998 PMTS) AMS-02 exp (Hamamatsu fine mesh PMTs) MEG at PSI (Hamamatsu fine mesh PMTs) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  11. Studies of SPTR (timing for single photoelectrons) • Timing studies are usually done for single SiPMT (not arrays) with single p.e. • For scintillation counters needs to study multiphoton response from V.Puill et al NIM A695 (2012) 354 M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  12. A small remark • Timing studies are usually done with fast lasers (eg 30-50 ps • FWHM ): good for single p.e. studies, but scintillator have • typically 200-300 p.e. signals and scintillator risetime are in • the 1-2 ns range … • Needs laser signals that resemble more physical scintillation light M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  13. Experimental lab setup x/y/z flexure (fiber launch system) Light MM fiber Laser head BS Laser driver Fast photodiode Sync out Fast Amplifier Prism injection system Scintillation counter PMTL PMTR t0 tR VME M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  14. Test setup: home-made laser system • Fast Avtech AVO pulser + Nichia violet laser diode (l ~408 nm) • Laser pulses width selectable between 120 ps and 3 ns length, with a ~200 ps risetime (simulate scintillator response) • Laser pulse height selectable to give scintillator response between a fraction of MIP and 10-50 MIPS • Laser repetition rate selectablebetween ~100 Hz and 1 MHz • The laser beam is splitted by a 50% beamsplitter to give a reference t0 on a fast photodiode (Thorlabs DET10A risetime ~1 ns) amplified via a CAEN A1423 wideband inverting fast amplifier (up to 51 dB, ~1.5 GHz bandwidth) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  15. Some details • Acquisition system: • VME based (CAEN V2718 interface) • VME CAEN TDC V1290A (25 ps res) • VME CAEN QADC V792 • VME CAEN V895 L.E. discriminator • (typdiscr values -50 -100 mV) • home-written acquisition software Laser injection system: • Newport 20X microscope objective • x/y/z Thorlabs micrometric flexure system M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  16. Tuning of laser setup • Tune laser settings to reproduce testbeam results (st )with a single counter equipped with R4998 PMTs and MIP response • Study single counter response substituting PMTS readout with SiPMT arrays readout • Advantage as respect to cosmics is the possibility to collect a high statistics in a short time, with different exp conditions (amplifier tuning, …) From R. Bertoni et al., NIM A615 (2010) 14 M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  17. BC 404 scintillation counter (60 cm long, 6 cm wide) equipped with Hamamatsu R4998 PMTs (as in MICE expt) PMT signals with laser PMT signals with cosmics M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  18. Readout chain for SiPMT arrays • SiPMT array custom mount • 16 macrocells signals are summed up in the basette and then amplified Schematic of one ``basette’’ M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  19. Custom amplifier • Amplifier: • Custom made (INFN Pv) • 1 or 2 channels • Gain up to 100X (30X with pole zero suppression) • Input dynamic range: 0-70 mV • Bandwith : 600 MHz • This may limit timing response, tests will be redone soon with a 50x PLS 774 amplifier (bandwith ~1.50 GHZ) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  20. Amplifier performances Vout Vin 100X amplifier Amplifier linearity M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  21. SiPMT arrays under test • Available SiPMT arrays use 3x3 mm2 or 4x4 mm2 macro-cells arranged in 4x4 (or more) arrays. • SENSL ArraySL-4-30035-CER arrays with 3x3 mm2 macrocells, Vop ~29.5 V • Hamamatsu S11828-3344 , S12642 arrays with 3x3 mm2 macrocells, Vop~72.5 V • Advansid FBK/IRST ASD-SiPM3S-4x4T (RGB) arrays with 3x3 mm2macrocells, Vbkw ~28.5 V • Advansid FBK/IRST ASD-SiPM4S-4x4T (RGB) arrays with 4x4 mm2macrocells, Vbkw ~29.2 V • We plan to extend study to new NUV types, better matched to scintillator light emission M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  22. Results with conventional PMTs (as benchmark) Very low laser light intensity (1 MIP or less) Standard laser light intensity (2-3 MIP) Vop = V0+DV M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  23. SenSL ArraySL-4-30035-CER arrays SiPMT I-V characterization (our measure) • Risetime of SenSL arrays much bigger than one of Hamamatsu or FBK/IRST • Preliminary results quite bad , we need further studies with new blue extended arrays from SenSL to get conclusions M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  24. Results with FBK/IRST arrays SiPMT I-V characteristics (manufacture specs) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  25. Results with FBK/IRST SiPMT arrays Typical difference DTDC (converted in ps) : st=sDTDC/2 Standard light intensity st~60 ps at best, but RGB array !! Vop M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  26. Results with Hamamatsu S11828-3344 Arrays SiPMT I-V characterisation (our characterisation) M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  27. Results with Hamamatsu S11828 Arrays Standard light intensity We foresee soon tests with Hamamatsu S12642 arrays, TSV package , where better results may be expected M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  28. Foreseen improvements • Higher bandwith amplifiers (bandwidth > 1 GHz) • Extension of measurements to NUV extended SiPMT arrays (better matched to scintillator emission lmax ~400 nm) • Use of better signal cables (eg RG213 instead of RG58) • See effect of CF discriminators vs LE discriminators (even if we expect no big change: laser light signal/cosmics signal at counter center + equalized response of photodetectors) • Test of fully equipped detectors at BTF M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  29. Conclusions • SiPMT arrays may be a good repacement for fast PMTs in scintillator time-of-flight system • Preliminary conclusions show a “comparable” timing resolution with fast PMTs • Clearly results must be validated by testbeam (one at BTF is foreseen) • Some optimization may be needed: use of fast (> 1 GHz) amplifiers, NUV SiPMT arrays (instead of RGB ones) to better match scintillator emission • Acknowledgements: many thanks Mr. F. Chignoli, G. Stringhini and O. Barnaba for skilful help and work in the setup installation and laboratory measurements and Dr. Bombonati of Hamamatsu Italia M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  30. Backup slides M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  31. Estimation of Npe • If QADC P.H. distribution is fully described by photoelectron statistics : Npe=(<R>/sR)2 where peak value R and sigma sR are obtained with a gaussian fit. • From published data (R. Bertoni et al NIM …) we expect 200-300 pe per MIP; from QADC fit we obtain that our standard light intensity is equivalent to 2-3 MIP M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  32. Timing resolution as function of discriminator threshold M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

  33. Fine Mesh Photomultiplier Tubes • Secondary electrons accelerated parallel to the B-field. • Gain with no field: 5 x 10 5 – 10 7 • With B=1.0 Tesla: 2 x 104 - 2.5 x 10 5 • Prompt risetime and good TTS • Manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Measures at INFN LASA laboratory to study behaviour in B field (up to 1.2 T ) as respect to gain, rate capability, timing M. Bonesini - 13th IPRD conference

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