The End of Apartheid and South Africa Today

1. The End of Apartheid and South Africa Today World Studies

2. Background • By the late 1970’s, it became difficult for the South African government to maintain the system of Apartheid. • As the world changed, racism and segregation became less acceptable. • Many countries would boycott South Africa, and implement sanctions. • Refusal to deal with a country economically!

3. International Pressure • United Nations had condemned Apartheid since the early 1960’s and promoted economic sanctions. • Pope John Paul II gave an anti-Apartheid speech in 1985; in 1988 called for economic sanctions against South Africa • Some European countries (Sweden) gave the ANC money. • United States and UK eventually enacted some sanctions against South Africa(1985)

4. Anti-Apartheid Posters

5. Protest in the USA

6. Protest and the Pope

7. Pre- 1994 • In 1989, FW de Clerk takes over as President of South Africa. • Working with Mandela, he begins to end Apartheid. • Repeals discriminatory laws • Released Mandela (and others) from prison in 1990. • Lifts the ban on ANC and other anti-Apartheid groups. “"I apologise in my capacity as leader of the NP to the millions who suffered wrenching disruption of forced removals; who suffered the shame of being arrested for pass law offences; who over the decades suffered the indignities and humiliation of racial discrimination."

9. The Election of 1994 • The 1994 election would be the first “free” election in South Africa’s history. • All adults regardless of race could vote! • Since SA was 80% black, it was understood that a black candidate would win. • Results • ANC (Mandela) • 63% (mostly blacks) • National Party (de Klerk) • 20% (whites, colored) • Inkatha(Buthelezi) • 11% • Others • 6%

11. Nelson Mandela- South Africa’s First Black President!!! • “Madiba” • 1918- 2013 (95 years old) • Xhosa • Won Nobel Peace Prize (along w/ de Klerk) • July 18th: Mandela Day of Service

12. Madiba Votes!

13. Queue (line) for voting

14. Now what? • Following the 1994 Election, the potential for revenge against the white minority existed. • Many believe South Africa would fall into a civil war. • Mandela promoted reconciliation between blacks and whites in order to avoid a “bloodbath.” • 1995 Rugby World Cup • Appointed whites to government positions • Truth and Reconciliation Commission

15. Mandela presenting Rugby World Cup trophy to Francois Pienaar

16. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) • Led by Bishop Desmond Tutu • Goals • “Clean the wounds of Apartheid so they don’t get worse. “ • Listen to victims tell of human rights abuses during Apartheid. • Restore victims’ dignity; help with rehab • Some whites were offered amnesty in exchange for testimony (849 out of 7,112) • Amnesty: pardon or forgiveness for breaking a law

17. Tutu and the TRC

18. TRC

19. Desmond Tutu • 1931- present • Anglican Bishop • Xhosa • Activist during Apartheid • Headed the TRC • Nobel Peace Prize winner

20. World Cup 2010 • Most popular sporting event in the world. • South Africa was first African nation ever to host the World Cup. • Pros • Increased tourism, spending in SA • Cons • Poor were “relocated” to beautify city. • Locals not allowed to sell at events

21. FIFA World Cup 2010

22. Soccer Stadium in Durban

23. Vuvuzelas!!!

24. South Africa Today • South Africa finds itself between two “worlds.” • Striving to become more “developed,” still faces many issues associated with “developing” nations. • + • Stable democracy • Strong infrastructure • Economic base (manufacturing, mining) • - • Unemployment/ poverty • HIV/AIDS • Political corruption

25. Night night.