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Dynamic Ecosystems: Understanding Biogeochemical Cycles and Energy Flow

Explore the intricate balance of materials and energy in ecosystems, from biogeochemical cycles to food chains. Understand how energy flows from sunlight to plant biomass and through trophic levels, impacting biodiversity and productivity. Discover major biomes like tundra and rainforests, and aquatic ecosystems such as lakes and marine zones. Learn about water stratification, seasonal turnovers, and pressing environmental issues like habitat destruction and global warming.

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Dynamic Ecosystems: Understanding Biogeochemical Cycles and Energy Flow

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  1. Ecosystems and Environment

  2. Biogeochemical cycles • All materials flow through the environment over time- materials cycle through the environment

  3. Energy • Energy flows through the environment • Sunlight to chlorophyll to photosynthesis to sugars to plant biomass to…. • Food chains - energy passes from one organism to another - it is a one way trip- energy passed through the environment in a linear fashion- unlike materials

  4. Food chains • Trophic levels • available energy and biomass decrease at each trophic level • Gross primary productivity - rate at which energy is captured and stored in plant tissues • Net primary productivity - energy after plant’s requirements

  5. Major ecosystems • Biomes - large distinct ecosystem • tundra • tiaga or boreal forest • temperate rainforest • temperate deciduous forest • temperate grasslands • chaparral

  6. Biomes • Deserts • savanna • tropical rainforests

  7. Aquatic ecosystems • lakes and ponds • littoral zones - nearest to shore • limnetic zones - open water • profundal zone - no light • marine • intertidal - very productive • pelagic - open ocean • euphotic - light is present (100m) • neritic - 100m to 200m • oceanic - no light

  8. Stratification in water • In summer warm layers on top, colder at the bottom, separated by thermocline • in fall, water turns over and some mixing between layers occurs • in winter cold at top, warmer at bottom • in spring another turnover! • Spring turnover stimulates algae growth...

  9. Environmental Issues • Habitat destruction • pollution • foreign or exotic species • deforestation • global warming • ozone depletion

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