Practice and Profession

1. Practice and Profession

2. Medicine for women or medicine by women? Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MaryCorinnaPutnamJacobi.jpg Emily Blackwell Elizabeth Blackwell M.P. Jacobi Image: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_36.html Image: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_35.html

3. The Assumptions of Women’s Medicine • 1) women are morally superior • 2) women are guardians of general social welfare • 3) it is appropriate that women (and possibly children) be cared for by women • 4) heavy sectarian reliance on women practitioners • (1500 of 14000 homeopaths by 1900)

4. women’s medical pioneers • Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910) • 1847-9 Geneva Medical College • 1854 NY Dispensary for Women and Children • Emily Blackwell and Marie Zakrzewska – Western Reserve University • Women’s Medical College of Philadelphia, 1850 • Women’s and Children’s Hospital of New York, 1856 • Mary Putnam Jacobi (1842-1906) • 1864 WMC • 1871 professor WMC of NY • The Hopkins deal, c. 1896: if women fund, women must be admitted

5. Marginalized or Mainstream • Jacobi vs. Blackwell • Is Women’s medicine “medicine”? • Deprofessionalization of women’s medicine • The fall of the dispensary • The rise of scientific nursing • Nutritionists • Visiting nurses • Social work • Sanitary inspection • 1910 – 9000 = 6%; greatest until c. 1965

6. Credits Slide 2 • Photo of Elizabeth Blackwell. In the public domain. Accessed from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_35.html on August 4, 2010. • Photo of Mary Putnam Jacobi. In the public domain. Accessed from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MaryCorinnaPutnamJacobi.jpg on August 4, 2010. • Photo of Emily Blackwell. In the public domain. Accessed from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_36.html on August 4, 2010.