Chapter 8: Speaking in Groups

1. Chapter 8:Speaking in Groups Objectives: Explain basic parliamentary procedure Describe the 2 general types of meeting Identify factors that affect group dynamics Explain the various ways in which groups make decisions.

2. Chapter 8:Speaking in Groups Objectives: Recognize the difference between task-oriented and process-oriented roles of group members Describe common leadership roles in group meetings Discuss leadership styles in terms of the degree of leadership control

3. Basic Parliamentary Procedure Definition: A set of rules and practices used by large groups to maintain order during meeting

4. Basic Principles of Parliamentary Procedure Ensures equality Majority rules Rights of the minority are protected One issue or question is discussed at a time One person speaks at a time Free debate takes place

5. Basic Procedure - Main Motion “Mr. Chairman… Please allow me to speak on … issue”. “Mr. Chairman… I move to accept this proposal”. “Mr. Chairman… I second the motion.

6. Basic Procedure – Subsidiary Motion Suggestion to: change the wording of the motion establish a committee to study the motion postpone dicussion until a later date call for an immediate vote on the motion

7. Basic Procedure – Incidental Motion “Mr. Chairman… I move to suspend the rules in order to hear our guest speaker at this time”. “Mr. Chairman… I appeal from the decision of the chair.

8. Types of Meetings One-way meetings Leader provides agenda Leader presides over/conducts the session and makes clear when it is appropriate for others to ask questions, contribute ideas, or give feedback

9. Types of Meetings Give-and-take meetings (Task force) Group members are expected to speak up, listen, disagree, express their views, compromise, and reach consensus Socializing process among group members prior to meeting is essential if interaction is expected

10. Factors Affecting Group Dynamics DynamicsThe way people function together and interact with each other to make decisions or reach goals • Size of the group • Time • Place • Participants • Task • Training

11. Group Decision Making • Negative decisions • One-person decisions • Two-person decisions • Majority Vote • Consensus Taking

12. Negative Group Behaviours • People are not always logical. They are also emotional, subjective, sensitive and whimsical. Behaviours may revolve around self-interest and frustrated needs. • Therefore, they may come to a meeting with a hidden agenda (a set of needs that are different from those of the group and its goal).

13. Negative Group Behaviours • Types of negative roles: • The withdrawer(uninvolved, acts indifferent or bored) • The competer(seek attention, distracts from task, aggressively takes control or monopolises) • The side-stepper(doesn’t stick to the topic, interjects personel topics, argues minor points, or reject responsibility) • The blocker(attacks ideas of others or puts down their efforts as invalid or without value)

14. Member RolesThe behaviour that individual takes on in relation to other group members and to the group’s task • Task-Oriented Roles: • Initiator • Information seeker • Information giver • Opinion seeker • Opinion giver • Summariser

15. Member RolesThe behaviour that individual takes on in relation to other group members and to the group’s task • Process-Oriented Roles: • Harmoniser • Climate maker • Gatekeeper • Standard setter

16. Leadership Roles • Responsibilities: • Calls meetings • Stating the purpose • Set group goals • Distribute information • Keep focus on the topic • Work to resolve conflicts • Summarise to help clarify issues • Dismiss meetings

17. Leadership Styles • Autocratic • Exert high control in decision makings (Efficient & get results but causes resentment) • Persuasive • Make decision and persuade others to comply • Democratic • Members are expected to initiate discussion, suggest procedures, and decisions. • PermissiveOffer little guidance, discussion may drift, can’t make decision

18. Leadership Styles