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Harmful substances in the marine environment

Chemical compounds in use (US EPA). No. of known chemical compounds:about 1 000 000No. of chemical compounds in daily use:about 60 000 No of man made chemical compounds introduced every year: about 1 000No. of ma made chemical compounds in the marine environment:thousends ?No. of chemical

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Harmful substances in the marine environment

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    1. Harmful substances in the marine environment Eugeniusz Andrulewicz Sea Fisheries Institute in Gdynia Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology

    2. Chemical compounds in use (US EPA) No. of known chemical compounds: about 1 000 000 No. of chemical compounds in daily use: about 60 000 No of man made chemical compounds introduced every year: about 1 000 No. of ma made chemical compounds in the marine environment: thousends ? No. of chemical compounds monitored at sea: tens?

    3. Main groups of toxic substances which are met at sea Trace metals Radionuclides Halogenated hydrocarbons: low and high molecular hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, flame retardants Petroleum hydrocarbons: aliphatic & aromatic (PAHs) Dumped war gases Natural toxins: H2S, PSP, DSP, etc.  Are they all classified as ”harmful substances” ?

    4. Definition of harmful/hazardous substances ”Hazardous substance means any substance which is due to its intrinsic properties is persistent, toxic and liable to bio-accumulate”(HELCOM, 1974/1992) Synonyms harmful substances/compounds, hazardous substances/compounds, noxious substances)

    5. Main groups of harmful/hazardous substances by definition Trace metals and their compounds Halogenated hydrocarbons Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Organno-metallic compounds Other (if toxic, persitant and bioaccumulative)

    6. Trace metals/haevy metals [Hg, Pb Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu...] and their compounds Illustrative example: Hg (Hg0, Hg+1, Hg+2) Mercury (I) chloride Hg2Cl2 Mercury (II) chloride HgCl2 Methylated mercury: CH3-Hg-Cl, (CH3)2-Hg

    7. Chlorinated (aliphatic) hydrocarbons Illustrative example of chlorination of chem. compound:

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