COM 125: Privacy And Surveillance

1. COM 125:Privacy And Surveillance Done By: Shamala Devi Siti Nur Aliah Siti Hamimah Dalina Daud

3. PRIVACY • Ability of an individual or group to keep their livesand personal affairs out of public view, • Control the flow of information about themselves. • Sometimes related to anonymity • Can be seen as an aspect of security (“Wikipedia: Privacy”, 2007)

4. PRIVACY • Phishing is an attempt, using fraudulent e- mail or web site pop-ups, to get you to divulge sensitive financial information such as credit card numbers, account numbers, user names, passwords, or social security numbers. • The phisher then uses this information to commit identity theft or other fraud. • Another recent trend is toward pharming, which is when Internet users are misdirected to fraudulent web sites that appear legitimate in attempt to commit identity theft. http://support.onetel.co.uk/index.php?page=230

5. http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-545269&als%5Btheme%5D=Privacy%20and%20Human%20Rightshttp://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-545269&als%5Btheme%5D=Privacy%20and%20Human%20Rights

6. SURVEILLANCE

7. SURVEILLANCE • The monitoring of behavior usually from a position of higher authority • Traditional surveillance: close observation by a person • New surveillance: scrutiny through the use of technical means to extract or create personal or group data, whether from individuals or contexts (Marx,G., 2004). • Counter surveillance, Inverse Surveillance

8. COUNTER SURVEILLANCE • Practice of avoiding surveillance • Making surveillance difficult

9. Inverse Surveillance • Can be referred as sousveillance • Not from a higher authority but ordinary individuals • E.g. Citizen journalism, Rodney King beating (1991)

10. IMPACT • Use of surveillance in organizations • Personal information is obtained by many small groups and individuals. • Ethical issues in workplace • Phone tapping, computer surveillance

11. IMPACT • Welcomes ever more powerful surveillance as necessary in today’s world where efficiency is so valued and where there are a multiplicity of dangers and risks. • More pessimistic is the Frankensteinian/ Luddite view: surveillance technology is inhuman, destructive of liberty and untrustworthy.

12. http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-545269&als%5Btheme%5D=Privacy%20and%20Human%20Rightshttp://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-545269&als%5Btheme%5D=Privacy%20and%20Human%20Rights

13. 10 MINUTES BREAK

14. PRIVACY VERSUS SURVEILLANCE

15. You, Exposed • Increasing pressure to expose details of our personal lives to strangers in order to win their trust • In turn, we demand these strangers to do the same for us (The Naked Crowd, Rosen, 2004)

16. You, Exposed Terms • Foucault’s Panopticon: a surveillance house in which the few watched the many • Synopticon: the many watch the few • Omnipticon: the many watch the many (The Naked Crowd, Rosen, 2004)

17. How? Fromm’s Marketed Self • The easiest way to attract the attention and winning trust of strangers is to establish an emotional connection with them by projecting a consistent, memorable, and trustworthy image (The Naked Crowd, Rosen, 2004) • E.g.: The use of profiles in online social networking sites like Friendster & Myspace

18. Personal Branding • The Self is constructed as a form of marketed authenticity in which self is turned inside out and then sold to the world • A logical application of marketing technologies to the most intimate aspects of The Self (The Naked Crowd, Rosen, 2004)

19. Headlines • Hewlett Packard executives hiring private investigators to spy on employees and journalists. • Rep. Mark Foley sending innuendo-laden instant messages – a reminder that digital communication lasts forever and that anonymous sources can be unmasked by clever bloggers from just a few electronic clues. • The federal government allegedly compiling a database of telephone numbers dialed by Americans, and eavesdropping on U.S. callers dialing international calls without obtaining court orders. (Privacy Lost: Does anybody care?, Sullivan, 2006)

20. “The 21st century equivalent of being naked” (Privacy Lost: Does anybody care?, Sullivan, 2006)

21. You, The Consumers • Ways you may disclose personal data • Signing up for a membership discount card • EZ-Pass system whereby automobile are electronically tracked • Credit bureaus asking for your bill-paying histories • Multiplier effect –Data is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again

22. You, The Consumers • Government agencies buy or demand details about our lives in the name of keeping us safe • Play video: Privacy rights on the Internet

23. SOUSVEILLANCE

24. SOUSVEILLANCE • The term "sousveillance" stems from the contrasting French words sur, meaning "above", and sous, meaning "below“. • “Surveillance“ denotes the "eye-in-the-sky" watching from above, whereas "sousveillance" denotes bringing the camera or other means of observation down to human level, either physically (mounting cameras on people rather than on buildings). (“Wikipedia: Sousveillance”, 2007)

25. SOUSVEILLANCE • The recording of an activity from the perspective of a participant in the activity(i.e. personal experience capture). • Refers to the recording or monitoring of real or apparent authority figures by others • Steve Mann, who coined the term, describes it as "watchful vigilance from underneath."

26. Emerging discourse on sousveillancewithin industry is the "personal sousveillance", namely the recordingof an activity by a participant in the activity. (“Wikipedia: Sousveillance”, 2007)

27. PERSONAL SOUSVEILLANCE • The art, science, and technology ofpersonal experience capture, processing, storage, retrieval, and transmission, such as lifelong audiovisual recording. • For example, technologies like cameraphones and weblogs (tend to build a sense of community).

28. What happened to Rodney King? • Rodney Glen King is a U.S. citizen and taxi driver who became famous after his violent arrest by officers of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) wasvideotaped by a bystander, George Holliday. (“Wikipedia: Rodney King”, 2007)

29. The Aftermath • The incident raised a public outcry among people who believed it was racially motivated. • Growing tension between the black community and the LAPD. • Increasing anger over police brutality and more general issues of unemployment, racial tension, and poverty facing the black community in South Central Los Angeles. • The acquittal in a state court of the four officers charged with usingexcessive force in subduing King provided the spark that led to the1992 Los Angeles riots.(“Wikipedia: Rodney King”, 2007)

30. HIERARCHIAL SOUSVEILLANCE • Refers to citizensphotographing police, shoppers photographing shopkeepers, or taxicabpassengers photographing cab drivers.(“Wikipedia: Sousveillance”, 2007)

31. THE END