Introduction to the Social and Cultural Study of Music

1. Introduction to the Social and Cultural Study of Music Martin Stokes

2. The Social and Cultural Study of Music • “Music historians drew on three patently incongruous axioms as though they were self-evident truths: (1) that outstanding composers ‘made’ music history (histories of eighteenth- and ninteenth-century music in particular turned into stylised heroiades); (2) that musical genres evolve in the same way as natural organisms (as though music history were part of natural history); and (3) that this evolution in the musical culture of a nation expresses and embodies its ‘national spirit’ (as though north and south Germany shared a common ‘national music history).” • Carl Dahlhaus, Foundations of Music History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1983: 131) (Grundlagen der Musikgeschichte, Cologne: Gerig, 1967)

3. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Responses to Music History’s ‘crisis’. • Music history (critical theory, ‘post-modernism’, post-structuralism) • Music theory/analysis (structuralism, formalism) • Ethnomusicology (anthropology) • Popular music studies (sociology, ‘cultural studies’)

4. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Ethnomusicology ‘Montaigne, 1580, ‘Des Cannibales’, Jean de Lery in Rio de Janeiro; sameness. Orientalism; the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt (1798); difference. “Umfang, Methode und Ziel der Musikwissenschaft” (Adler 1885); Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft - ‘Comparative Musicology’ Music psychology; sound recording archives; Edison’s phonograph; ‘Kulturkreise ethnology (1920-30s). ‘Ethno-musicology’; the anthropology of music; Jaap Kunst (1950); the North American turn; ‘ethnography’, ‘field work’.

5. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Southeast Asia, Australasia and Melanesia 1 Karawitan Central Javanese Gamelan Ben Brinner, Marc Perlman

6. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Southeast Asia, Australasia and Melanesia 2 • Wangga • Daly Region, North Australia • Allan Marret

7. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Southeast Asia, Australasia and Melanesia 3 • Gisalo • Papua New Guinea • Steven Feld