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Development in the Era of Globalisation. The Changes in the World-System Core and New Development Discourse. The crisis of labour. The crisis of labour (2).
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Development in the Era of Globalisation The Changes in the World-System Core and New Development Discourse
The crisis of labour (2) • “By its nature, routine factory work has no correlation with what we seem to offer people in the educational system. Until they are eighteen or so, students are encouraged to learn about ideas, sciences, history, literature, languages, art, and music and to develop some related skills as well. Many go to university with the idea that it will improve their job chances. Then from eighteen, or twenty-two, to sixty-five, we expect them to do exactly the same thing for eight hours a day, minus coffee breaks, sick leave, holidays, and strikes.” [P. G.Gyllenhammar. People at Work. Reading (Mass.): Addison-Wesley, 1977, pp. 9-10].
Responses to the crisis • a) raise of salaries & wages – prices – inflation and diminishing effectiveness; • b) the programmes of labour’s humanisation, enlargement of the workers’ self-management; • c) implementation of new technologies and erosion of the industrial working class; • d) replacement of manufacturing industries to peripheral and semi-peripheral countries
The main actors of “market renaissance” in the core countries: • a) big capital, mainly financial • b) TNCs • c) a part of the new middle class that endeavoured to self-deliverance from corporate bureaucracy and the burdensome welfare-state (non-market foundations of the market renaissance!) • d) old middle class (internal provinces of the core countries)
Governance – the new mantra of development gurus • 1. Voice and Accountability • 2. Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism (PV) • 3. Government Effectiveness • 4. Regulatory Quality (RQ) • 5. Rule of Law (RL) • 6. Control of Corruption (CC)
Shifting Wealth • Perspectives on Global Development 2010: Shifting Wealth (Paris: OECD, 2010) • THE EMERGING MIDDLE CLASS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES by Homi Kharas (OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, woring paper N 285. Paris, 2010)