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Unit 4 Speech or Language Impairments. Prepared by: Cicilia Evi GradDiplSc ., M. Psi. Definition. Speech impairments when the sender’s speech impairs the communication articulation, fluency, voice (pitch or loudness)
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Unit 4Speech or Language Impairments Prepared by: CiciliaEviGradDiplSc., M. Psi
Definition • Speech impairments when the sender’s speech impairs the communication articulation, fluency, voice (pitch or loudness) • Language impairments when the sender can’t employ the signs, symbols or rules that govern the form, content and use of language • Speech/language pathologist professional who diagnoses and treats speech/language impairments
Speech Impairments • Articulation disorder when the process of producing speech sounds is flawed, and resulting in incorrect speech sounds related to age, culture and environment • Fluency problems involve hesitations or repetition of parts of words that interrupt the flow of speech • Voice problems abnormal spoken language production
Language Impairments • Form the rules system used in all language (oral, written and sign) • Content intent and meaning of spoken or written statements • Use beware with the use of language in different settings and social context
Challenges • Affect interaction with others in every setting • Affect success in school, social situations and employment • Feeling embarrass, guilty, frustration, anger • Long term overly aggressive, denying their disability, projecting their conditions to their listeners • Socially withdrawn, avoid situation where they have to talk, isolated, avoid certain words
Characteristics • Table 4.3 p. 128 • Table 4.4 p. 131 • Classroom Management p. 129 • Case Brandon p. 134
Causes • Speech Impairments brain damage, malfunction of respiratory or speech mechanism, malformation of the articulators • Stuttering unable to pinpoint on a single cause related to stress, especially when situation is very complex or unpredictable • Voice problems symptomatic of medical problems, undue abuse of the voice
Causes (2) • Language Impairments genetic conditions, hearing impairments, illness, injury, and the existence of coexisting disabilities like autism (Plante & Beeson, 2008)
Prevalence • Figure 4.6, p. 135 decline by 3rd grade why?
Communication Process • Communication process of exchanging knowledge, ideas, opinions and feelings through the use of verbal/non verbal language • Communication symbols voice, letters of the alphabet, or gestures used to send message • Communication signals a variety of nonverbal cues that announce some immediate event, person, action or emotion
Prevention • Early Identification at age 2 • Prereferral by general education classroom teacher, with the help of special educators • What SLPs can do p. 138 • Identification p. 139 • Evaluation p. 140
Early Intervention • Home-based intervention with parents scores higher • Tactics for effective preschool programs • Language-rich environments • Integrated into every lesson throughout the day read effective instruction p. 142
In General Education Curriculum • Key elements for effective learning in the classroom p. 143 • The need of explicit instruction • Hard to understand metaphor or analogies • Fajarmerekah • Senjatamakantuan • Tangannyasehalus sutra • Language-sensitive classrooms p. 145
How to Help? • Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) p. 146 • Technology • Communication boards • Speech synthesizers • Graphic organizers
Psychologists? • During transition process • Partnerships with Families and Communities