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IMMIGRANTS

IMMIGRANTS. What were the reasons European immigrants had for coming to the US? To escape religious persecution Because of population pressure Because of the desire to experience democracy and reform. IMMIGRANTS.

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IMMIGRANTS

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  1. IMMIGRANTS What were the reasons European immigrants had for coming to the US? • To escape religious persecution • Because of population pressure • Because of the desire to experience democracy and reform

  2. IMMIGRANTS What were the reasons Chinese and Japanese immigrants had for coming to the US? • In response to the California gold rush • To build the railroads • To seek higher wages in Hawaii and California

  3. IMMIGRANTS What were the reasons West Indian and Mexican immigrants had for coming to the US? • To find employment • Their homes were annexed by the US after the war • To find work • To flee political turmoil and unrest

  4. Immigrants: Who are they? Old Immigration VS New Immigration Ireland + Germany Southern Europe (Italians, Greeks) Central Europe (Slavs, Poles, Russians, Hungarians) • Increasingly diverse: more countries and more religions, esp. Catholics and Jews • 200,000 African-Americans move to Chicago & Detroit • NATIVISM reemerges as a counter-reaction, in form of American Protective Association (APA) • Congress restricts immigration 1882 • 1882:Chinese Exclusion Act vs.1886: Statue of Liberty

  5. Ellis Island • About a one week trip • Immigrants stayed in steerage • Checked for diseases • This could take up to 5 hours! • Needed to: • Pass a test • Able to work • $25 • From 1892-1943, more than 16 million immigrants passed through!

  6. Angel Island Chinese and others arrived off the coast of San Francisco at Angel Island Between 1910-1940 50,000 Chinese entered through Angel. VERY long admission process Kept like prisoners

  7. 15.2 The Problems of Urbanization OBJECTIVES: Describe the movement of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there Explain how cities dealt with problems related to housing, transportation, water supply, and fire and police protection. Describe some of the organization and people who offered help to urban immigrants

  8. TERMS Urbanization Row houses& Dumbbell tenement Social Gospel movement, Settlement houses, & Jane Addams OBJECTIVES: Describe the movement of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there Explain how cities dealt with problems related to housing, transportation, water supply, and fire and police protection. Describe some of the organization and people who offered help to urban immigrants

  9. By the early 1900s immigrant populations were overwhelming American cities • More Poles in Chicago than in Warsaw! • More Irish in New York than in Dublin, Ireland! • Many immigrants often lived in neighborhoods with others who shared their background • This helped them adapt to the new culture • Many African Americans moved North to cities like Detroit and Chicago

  10. Immigration Problems • Row houses became very popular • Working class families were moving out of the city • Dumbbell tenements were oddly shaped in include an air shaft • Unfortunately people began to use them as a garbage disposal

  11. Dumbbell Tenement

  12. More Urban Problem TRANSPORTATION WATER/SANITATION PROBLEM: People can’t get to work Streetcars Cable cars Subways • Many tenements did not have fresh water • Diseases were spread • Horse manure in the streets • sewage in the gutters • foul smoke from factories

  13. Urban Problems Chicago Fire 1871 Lack of water Wooden dwellings 1853 – first paid fire dept. 1874 – first auto fire sprinkler 1844 – first organized police force

  14. REFORM • Most mainstream or old line Protestant churches struggle to address plight of urban poor • Catholicism thrives, founds schools and parishes • SOCIAL GOSPEL is preached (vs. SOCIAL DARWINISM) • Salvation Army, YMCA and Christian Scientists are formed in this milieu Jane Addams: Reformer, studiessocial ills, founds Hull House in Chicago in 1889 Settlement Housesare founded to provide assistance to poor and new immigrants Run largely by middle-class women reformers Provided aid and education

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