Biological Concepts BMZ 116 Section B

1. Biological ConceptsBMZ 116 Section B Set your “clickers” to Channel 28 Channel Setting Instructions for ResponseCard RF1. Press and release the "GO" button.2. While the light is flashing red and green, enter the 2 digit channel code (i.e. channel 1 = 01, channel 28 = 28).3. After the second digit is entered, Press and release the "GO" button.4. Press and release the "1/A" button. The light should flash yellow to confirm

2. http://www.cas.muohio.edu/~meicenrd/BMZ116/TBMZ116.htm

4. http://www.cas.muohio.edu/~meicenrd/BMZ116/TBMZ116.htm

5. MAKE SURE TO COMPLETE HOMEWORK QUIZZES BY THE DUE DATE ! http://www.cas.muohio.edu/~meicenrd/bmz116/homeworkinstructions.html

6. You should note that the grade of your last submitted quiz is what will be recorded in the gradebook. If  there is a computer or server crash during the time you are taking a quiz, Blackboard will enter a "lock icon" = "In Progress" = NO GRADE, for that quiz in your gradebook, AND you will not be able to access that quiz again!  IF this happens, email me immediately, so I can reset the quiz for you!  I WILL NOT RESET QUIZZES AFTER THE DUE DATE! - SO MAKE SURE YOU CHECK YOUR GRADEBOOK, TO INSURE THAT YOUR QUIZ GRADE HAS BEEN PROPERLY RECORDED!

7. Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior 0 of 30 I am a

8. 0 – 2 h 3 – 4 h 5 – 6 h 7 – 8 h 9 – 10 h 11 – 13 h 14 – 15 h 16 – 17 h 18 – 19 h 20 – 21 h 0 of 30 I am devoting a total of __ hours each week to BMZ 116.

9. BUDGET ENOUGH TIME FOR THIS CLASS IN YOUR WEEKLY SCHEDULE. •  The "rule of thumb" is:  2 - 3 hours of  homework per credit hour of class. •  This is a 4 credit hour class, so budget at least __?__ homework hours per week for this class, OUTSIDE of the time your spend in lecture and laboratory. • That means a total commitment of 3 hrs (lecture) + 2 hrs (lab) + _?_ hrs (homework) = _TOTAL_ hrs/week devoted to BMZ116.

10. 0 – 2 h 3 – 4 h 5 – 6 h 7 – 8 h 9 – 10 h 11 – 13 h 14 – 15 h 16 – 17 h 18 – 19 h 20 – 21 h 0 of 30 Now I plan on devoting a total of __ hours each week to BMZ 116.

12. Converting the Suns Nuclear Fusion Energy to Human Flesh You should have read Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Before Coming to Class

13. Overview: The Energy of Life • The living cell • Is a miniature factory where thousands of reactions occur • Converts energy in many ways

14. Some organisms • Convert light to energy, as in photosynthesis http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/usbg/toc.htm http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/OzoneWeBreathe/Images/flourescence.jpg

15. Some organisms Convert energy to light, as in bioluminescence http://www.shoarns.com/Luminous.html

16. http://www.shoarns.com/Luminous.html

17. An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics Metabolism = All controlled, enzyme‑mediated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy. Transcription & Translation Control

18. Compartmentalization

19. A metabolic pathway has many steps That begin with a specific molecule and end with a product That are each catalyzed by a specific enzyme Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 A D C B Reaction 1 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 Startingmolecule Product Organization of the Chemistry of Life into Metabolic Pathways

20. Organization of the Chemistry of Life into Metabolic Pathways

21. Types of metabolic pathways

22. Energy Is the capacity to cause change Exists in various forms, of which some can perform work Work = Distance X Force Metabolism = All controlled, enzyme‑mediated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy.

23. Kinds of Work 1. Mechanical eg. Controlled Fall down Mad River Mountain

24. Kinds of Work 2. Transport eg. heart

25. Kinds of Work 3. Electrochemical eg. Nerves

26. Kinetic energy Is the energy associated with motion Potential energy Is stored in the location of matter Includes chemical energy stored in molecular structure Forms of Energy

27. Energy can be converted from one form to another Diving platform over sink hole, Wakulla Springs FL Climbing up converts kinetic energy of muscle movement to potential energy.

28. Energy can be converted from one form to another Higher up on the platform, a diver has more potential energy

29. Energy can be converted from one form to another Diving converts potential energy to kinetic energy.

30. Energy can be converted from one form to another In the water, a diver has less potential energy having transferred kinetic energy to the water. Divers chemical potential energy could be transferred if the gators kinetic energy exceeds that of the diver

31. Thermodynamics Is the study of energy transformations The Laws of Energy Transformation

32. Energy can be transferred and transformed Energy cannot be created or destroyed The First Law of Thermodynamics The chemical (potential) energy in food will be converted to the kinetic energy of the alligators movement www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/potm-jul01.html

33. Battle of the giants: python bursts eating gator October 6, 2005 - 10:34AM Unless you bite off more than you can digest! http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/battle-of-the-giants-python-bursts-eating-gator/2005/10/06/1128191820927.html

34. Conversion of energy from one source to another source is never 100% efficient, some energy is always lost as heat No process can take place which results in a net decrease in the entropy of the universe Entropy = Degree of randomness or disorder in a system The Second Law of Thermodynamics www.saltgrassflats.com/wildlife/alligator.html

35. Spontaneous changes that do not require outside energy increase the entropy, or disorder, of the universe The Second Law of Thermodynamics Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe. For example, disorder is added to the gator’s surroundings in the form of heat and the small molecules that are the by-products of metabolism. www.saltgrassflats.com/wildlife/alligator.html

36. Living systems are highly ordered Do living organisms violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

37. Do living organisms violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Sun ‑ Ultraviolet image spanning about a month

38. Galileo image of Earth & Moon

39. Plants Advanced Very High Resolution Radimeter image of Vegetation Index Aug 1987 Dark‑blue & green = Dense Vegetation Pink & dark red = Sparse Vegetation

40. Plants Little more than 10% of old growth forest remains in Pacific Northwest Mt Hood National Forest Dark red = Old Growth; Light Red = Regrowth; Pink= Young seedlings; Blue = No timber due to logging

42. 4. Chloroplasts (Photosynthesis)

43. 5. Animals/Plants (Cellular Respiration)

44. Even the Sun is subject to the Laws of Thermodynamics Hertzsprung‑Russel Diagram depicting stellar evolution

45. Projected Life History of our Sun All terrestrial life will be extinct 500 million years from now Link to Discussion on Red Giants Link to Discussion on Stellar Evolution

46. Which of the following represents the ∆G of the reaction? a b c d e 0

47. a b c d e Which of the following represents the ∆G of the reaction?

48. For a process to be spontaneous ∆G must be negative Either give up enthalpy, ∆H is negative Or give up order, ∆S is positve Or both The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether the reaction occurs spontaneously • ∆G = ∆H – T∆S T = temperature

49. The change in free energy, ∆Gduring a biological process Is related directly to the enthalpy change (∆H) and the change in entropy (∆S) The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether the reaction occurs spontaneously • ∆G = ∆H – T∆S T = temperature

50. Free-Energy Change, G • A living system’s free energy • Is energy that can do work under cellular conditions Ergonic = grk “work” En = “in” Ex = “out”