Russia’s Political and Economic Change

1. Russia’s Political and Economic Change Hannah He Period 7

2. Pre-History > • KievanRus > • Mongol Invasion > • Russo-Tatar > • Duchy of Moscow Early History

3. Rurik Dynasty (1157-1598)

5. Sudebnik of 1550 – the first “Russian constitution” • Romanov family change • Imperial Russia • Peter the Great – government reforms to modernize Russia • Catherine the Great – arts, science, and learning Change during the Tsardom and Imperial Russia

6. Decembrist Revolt

7. Emancipation of Serfs

8. Industrial Revolution: created three main competing parties • Bloody Sunday • October Manifesto • World War and its causes to the February Revolution • Demoralizing • Ignored the Duma and instead took into consideration the statements of the advisor of his wife Revolution

9. Set up a Provisional Government • Headed by Alex Kerensky, who was progressive but not radical enough for some February Revolution

10. Lenin’s return from exile (with help from Germany) • Capitalized on worker strikes after loss in gross industrial production • National Constituent Assembly refused to support the Bolsheviks • Democracy was removed from Russia • Nationalized banks • Left the war after a peace treaty with Germany October Revolution

11. Russian Civil War

12. Ideologically based union • Four republics:  • Russian SFSR • Ukrainian SSR • Belarusian SSR • Transcaucasian SFSR • “Federal” system as set by the constitution, although the communist party was the actual leading force Creation of the Soviet Union (1922 – 1991)

13. War Communism • Land and small businesses were nationalized • Money economy was restricted • New Economic Policy • In answer to peasant opposition • Peasants were allowed to sell surpluses once again instead of surrendering their surplus grain like before • Revived the economy War Communism vs. New Economic Policy

14. Five year plan – build up heavy industry, the consolidating agriculture, and the restricted manufacture of consumer goods • Great purges, gulags, and prison camps The Stalin Years

15. Non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939 • Victorious, entered Berlin in 1945 and beat Japanese in Manchuria in the last battles of the war • Completely devastated and destroyed Russian cities and towns • Jewish population very low • Estimates: 25 million killed total World War II

16. Cold War

17. Fight over the leadership • Soviet Economic Reform of 1965 • Economic independence of enterprises • Sales prices had to be profitable • Reduced number of policy targets from 30 to 9 • Prices rose then fell Stagnation and Death of Stalin

19. Glasnost allowed people to express their dissatisfaction • Gorbachev vs. Yeltsin • Russia took over, differentiation became harder • Shortage of food plus refusal to change resulted in a call for change • Officially ended in 1991 • Communist Party was banned from 1991-1992 Fall of Soviet Russia

20. Yeltsin • Ended price controls • Drastic cuts in state spending • Opened foreign trade • September-October 1993 constitutional crisis (replaced constitution with strong presidential powers) • Financial crash of 1998 • Putin take-over Russian Federation

21. Foreign Investment • Domestic vs. Foreign Policies • Putin and Medvedev control of government Russia Today

22. Questions???