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Thursday 5/13: Cold War Around the World

Thursday 5/13: Cold War Around the World. Bell Work: Political Cartoon and Questions What message does this cartoon send to the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union?

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Thursday 5/13: Cold War Around the World

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  1. Thursday 5/13: Cold War Around the World • Bell Work: Political Cartoon and Questions • What message does this cartoon send to the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union? • Consider the climate of the Cold War in 1962, do you think the spirit of this cartoon is overly optimistic? Why or why not?

  2. Cold War around the World • First World: US and Allies • Second World: USSR and Allies • Third World: developing nations (often newly independent and non-aligned) • US and USSR sponsored or backed wars of revolution, liberation or counterrevolution • CIA and KGB (Soviet spies) involvement

  3. Nonaligned Nations • US, USSR and China compete for power and involvement throughout the world

  4. World Map

  5. Cuba • US supported unpopular dictator Batista • Fidel Castro becomes leader as a revolutionary • Improved economy, literacy, health care and conditions for women • Suspended elections, jailed or executed opponents, strangled the press • Nationalized the economy and took over US controlled industry

  6. Khruschev Embraces Castro,1961

  7. Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)

  8. Cuban Missile Crisis • Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev built 42 missile sites in Cuba which were found by spy planes

  9. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

  10. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!

  11. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

  12. Cuba • JFK demanded the Soviets remove the missiles and announced blockade to prevent more missiles

  13. Cuba • Outcome: • Soviets remove missiles and US stays out of Cuba • Cuba dependent on Soviet support • Trade embargo against Cuba

  14. “The Nuclear Age”

  15. “Duck and Cover”

  16. The Cold War Thaws • Resistance to Soviet Rule forms throughout Eastern Europe and Asia • Countries want independence or at least their own form of Communism not dictated by the Soviets

  17. Freedom Movements in Eastern Europe • Hungary formed a new government and ordered Soviet troops to leave • Wanted to be rid of Communism and have free elections

  18. Czechoslovakia • Alexander Dubček tried to reform Communism and give it a “human face” during the Prague Spring of 1968 • Loosen control on censorship • Soviet tanks invade ending the cultural revolution with military force

  19. “Prague Spring” (1968) Former Czech President, Alexander Dubček Communism with a human face!

  20. “Prague Spring” Dashed! Dissidents/playwrights arrested [like Vaclav Havel—future president of a free Czech Republic].

  21. Soviet Leadership • Nikita Khrushchev: leader of the Communist party following Stalin • Began process of de-Stalinization condemning the actions of Stalin • Removed from power following the Cuban Missile Crisis

  22. Soviet Leadership • Leonid Brezhnev • Replaced Khrushchev • Initiated repressive domestic policies • Secret police • Invades Czechoslovakia

  23. US Presidents and Leadership

  24. John F. Kennedy • Years: 1961-1963 • Used Brinkmanship • Close to war with the Cuban Missile Crisis

  25. Lyndon B. Johnson • Years: 1963-1969 • Brinkmanship • Escalated US involvement in Vietnam

  26. Détente • Reduce tensions and prevent nuclear war • Realistic politics (being realistic about the situations of the world and communication): realpolitik

  27. Richard M. Nixon • Years: 1969-1974 • Détente and Realpolitik • Strongly anti-communist but visited China and the USSR

  28. SALT I Treaty • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks: 5 year agreement to limit the number of ICBMs and sub-launched missiles

  29. Ronald Reagan • Years: 1981-1989 • Retreated from détente and heightened tensions • Programs against the Soviet Union • “Star Wars”

  30. Star Wars • SDI: Strategic Defense Initiative • Missile defense program to protect the US against enemy missiles

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