History of the Ancient and Medieval World The Glory That was Greece Part 2: Cultural Achievements

1. History of the Ancient and Medieval WorldThe Glory That was GreecePart 2: Cultural Achievements Walsingham Academy Mrs. McArthur Room 111

2. Architecture: Public and Communal • growing number of public buildings • Public buildings increase sense of community (civic) pride and individual’s sense of belonging. Ironic Factoid: after the destruction of the city by Persians, Athens was rebuilt by raiding the Delian League’s (Greek city-states’ common defense) treasury.

3. The Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens 447- 438 B.C.E.

4. Role of Greek Temple • Home of individual god/goddess who protected the community • Not intended for congregational worship (although activities held in outer enclosure) • Inside dominated by a cult statue of god and only priests admitted into his/her presence. (Parthenon = Athena by sculptor, Phideas)

5. Home of Goddess Athena Virtual Field Trip Acropolis Floor plan

6. Basic Elements of Greek Building Stylobates: precisely cut squares of stone on which rested the colonnades.

7. Entablature

8. “D.I.C.” Greek Architecture: Columns More common in Roman Architecture

9. “Elgin Marbles” British Museum, London To whom do they belong?

10. Greek Drama: A Public Art Theater at Epidauros 2007

11. Tragedy An elegant story about an admirable person struggling nobly against insuperable odds. • Aeschylus • Sophocles • Euripides Antigone at her brother’s grave (Louvre)

12. What is History?:Early Definitions • Mesopotamia + Egypt(a record: Sumerian King List and tombs) • Hebrews: a way of revealing the unfolding relationship with God and his chosen people. • Greeks: a specific literary art – large themes about human life and conduct.

13. Historiai • A story with details • “Researches,” “investigations” about universal themes and absolute truths. • Drama expressed in powerful language

14. Herodotus and Thucydides

15. Herodotus: Father of History "This, however, I know – that if every nation were to bring all its evil deeds to a given place in order to make an exchange with some other nation, when they had all looked carefully at their neighbors’ faults, they would truly be glad to carry their own back again."   Frontpiece to 1647 copy of Histories

16. Herodotus: Traveler and Observer Oikoumene = “inhabited World:” The World according to Herodotus (450 B.C.E.)

17. The Persian Wars: As told to us by Herodotus The Persian Empire: the ultimate barbaron – uncultured and inferior, albeit powerful

18. “The Persians are not warlike… They fight with bows and the short spear and go into battle wearing trousers, and hats on their heads (Herodotus 208).” These images of the Persian fighters equipped with only the most rudimentary gear must have seemed like suicide to the Greco-Roman reader.

19. Why History?(Western tradition) • To preserve accounts of great deeds. • To teach “lessons” derived from the past. • To shape the future’s opinion of one.

20. Summary: Herodotus and ThucydidesWhat was remarkable? • They were well-read, well-traveled and curious. • They made hypotheses and applied logic and reason to their subjects. • They were critical and fair-minded thinkers. • They “investigated” by questioning, interviewing people and by recording and collating information. • They were elegant and sometimes entertaining writers.

22. Pythagoras(?) (crouching with book) Plato and Aristotle

23. The School of Athens Raphael, 1509 Euclid (?) Zoroaster (facing, with beard) and Ptolemy(?)(back to us, globe) and Raphael(?)(dark hair, facing)

24. Socrates • Wrote nothing, we know him from pupil, Plato. • Asked questions (Socratic Method) Why? • Used logic to seek truth and self-knowledge. • Why was he tried and condemned to death? • Why did Socrates choose to die? • “The unexamined life is not worth living” How did Socrates’ actions support his statement? Read pp. 131 of text

25. What is a Good Society? Plato and Aristotle Create a chart with a column for each philosopher. Contrast the views of both. * *Read pp. 131-132 of text

26. Assignment 1 • Read in text, pp. 132-135 and pp. 143. (Notice that Assignments 1 and 2 have reversed order of pages.) • Define 4 blue terms and answer 3 check points. • Study PP notes Student Choice Activities: • Lecture - The Birth of History: Wed. 10/24 3-3:30 • Numismatist seeking… (details on SPA; due by email 11/5) Chapter Test, Monday, Nov. 5

27. Philosophers: Lovers of Wisdom • What is the main idea of Aristotle’s meditation (thinking)? • How does Sophocles’ Antigone justify her defiance of King Creon’s orders? • Assignment 2 • Read text, pp. 130-132 and pp. 136 • Define 6 Blue-bold terms and answer Thinking Critically, pp 136. • Read PP notes and project handout: Classical Greece: Topics of Investigation. Pick topic and partner(s)

28. Assignment 3 • Read pp 137-141, text: • Define 5 “blue” terms • Begin section Note Taking outline • Answer 2 “Checkpoint” questions • Take Map Skills Guided Tour and plot on your personal map places listed in question #1. • Follow the informational link on preceding slide to explore the 7 Wonders of Ancient World

30. Assignment 4 • Read pp 141-142, text: • Define 4 “blue” terms • Complete section Note Taking outline • Answer 1 “Checkpoint” questions • Take Map Skills Guided Tour and answer questions #2-3. • Answer question on Primary Source, pp 142. • Answer “Thinking Critically questions, pp 141.

31. Assignment 5 • Project: For choices, description and rubric, see handout: Classical Greece: Topics of Investigation. • Presentations: Thurs., Nov. 1. Student Choice Activities: • Lecture - The Birth of History: Wed. 10/24 3-3:30 • Numismatist seeking… (details on SPA; due by email 11/5) Chapter Test, Monday, Nov. 5

32. Chapter 4: GreeceTest Overview • Format: • 18 multiple choice/matching • 2of 3 documents • Map • Content drawn from: • Text, Chapter 4, Sections 1-5 • Lecture Notes • Map • PowerPoint Class Notes Additional Checks: Sections 4 + 5 Check out the On-line Review PP