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Planning & Problem Solving

Planning & Problem Solving. Grade 3. Problem Solving: Skill Using the Four Step Process. What Is a Problem-Solving Strategy?. A problem-solving strategy is a plan for solving a problem. Different strategies work better for different types of problems.

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Planning & Problem Solving

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  1. Planning & Problem Solving Grade 3

  2. Problem Solving: SkillUsing the Four Step Process Confidential

  3. What Is a Problem-Solving Strategy? • A problem-solving strategy is a plan for solving a problem. • Different strategies work better for different types of problems. • Sometimes you can use more than one strategy to solve a problem. • As you practice solving problems, you will discover which strategies you prefer and which work best in various situations. Confidential

  4. Step 1: Read Logical Reasoning • You can use logical reasoning to solve problems. • Example: Coach Paul wants 11 liters of water in a cooler. He has a 5-liter bottle and an 8-liter bottle. How can he use them to measure exactly 11 liters? • What do you know? • Coach Paul wants 11liters of water in a cooler. • Coach Paul has bottles that hold 5liters and 8liters. • What do you need to find? • You need to find how to use the bottles to measure exactly 11 liters. Confidential

  5. Step 2: Plan Logical Reasoning • Choose a strategy • Use Logical Reasoning to solve the problem • You can use the difference of the amount of water in the bottles to measure exactly 11 liters. Confidential

  6. Step 3: Solve Logical Reasoning • Carry out your plan • Follow the steps Water cooler 8-L bottle 5-L bottle Add 8 + 3 = 11. There are 11 liters in the water cooler. Confidential

  7. Step 4: Look Back Logical Reasoning • Is the solution reasonable? • Reread the problem. • How can you check your answers? • Possible answer: use water containers to check your answer. Confidential

  8. Try This! • Jack has a 6-oz cup and an 8-oz cup. How can he use the cup to measure 10 ounces of water? Confidential

  9. Step 1: Read Drawing a Picture/Diagram • You can solve problems by drawing diagrams. • Example: There are 22 students in Mrs. Diane’s class. Ten students have sisters. Five students have brothers. Seven students have sisters and brothers. How many students have sisters? • What do you know? • There are 22 students. • 10 students have sisters. 5 students have brothers, and 7 students have both. • What do you need to find? • How many students have sisters? Confidential

  10. Step 2: Plan Drawing a Picture/Diagram • Choose a strategy • You can make a diagram to solve the problem Mrs. Diane’s class Both 7 This is a Venn Diagram Confidential

  11. Step 3: Solve Drawing a Picture/Diagram • Carry out your plan • You know that there are 10 students who have sisters. • You know that there are 7 students who have sisters and brothers. • Write an addition sentence that shows the number of students who only have sisters and the number of students who have sisters and brothers. • 10 + 7 = 17 • There are 17 students who have sisters. Confidential

  12. Step 4: Look Back Drawing a Picture/Diagram • Is the solution reasonable? • Reread the problem. • Does your answer make sense? Yes • Did you answer the question? Yes • What other strategies could you use to solve the problem? Confidential

  13. Try This! • There are 8 students in a math group using pattern blocks. Three students have squares. Two have triangles. Three have both squares and triangles. How many have triangles? Confidential

  14. Step 1: Read Making a graph • You can solve problems by making graphs. • Example: Which collection is largest? Smallest? Use data from the table to solve. • What do you know? • You know how many items are in each collection. • What do you need to find? • You need to find which collection has the greatest and fewest number of items. Confidential

  15. Step 2: Plan Making a graph • Choose a strategy • A graph can help you compare data quickly. • Make a pictograph to solve the problem. Confidential

  16. Step 3: Solve Making a graph • Carry out your plan • Make a pictograph. Compare the number of symbols for each item. Game cards has the most symbols. Toy Robots has the fewest symbols. So, Game Cards is the largest and Toy Robots the smallest collection. Each represents 50 items. Each represents 25 items. Confidential

  17. Step 4: Look Back Making a graph • Is the solution reasonable? • Reread the problem. • Does your answer match the data given in the problem? Confidential

  18. Try This! • Morris School has 48 stamp collectors, 54 toy collectors, and 66 coin collectors. Which type of collecting is most popular? Least popular? Make a graph to solve this. Confidential

  19. Step 1: Read Act It Out • You can act out the problem to solve it. • Example: Marvin has 10 pictures of Moon. He gives the same number of pictures to 2 friends. How many pictures does each friend get? • What do you know? • Marvin has 10 pictures. • He gives pictures to 2 friends. • What do you need to find? • How many pictures does each friend get? Confidential

  20. Step 2: Plan Act It Out • Choose a strategy • You can act out the problem. • Use counters to show the number of pictures. • How many counters will you need? 10 • Use plates to show the number of friends. • How many plates will you need? 2 Confidential

  21. Step 3: Solve Act It Out • Carry out your plan • Draw a counter to show each picture of Moon. • Draw two plates to show the two friends. • Place an equal number of counters on each plate. There are 5 counters on each plate. Each friend gets 5 pictures. Confidential

  22. Step 4: Look Back Act It Out • Is the solution reasonable? • Reread the problem. • Does your answer make sense? Yes • What other strategies could you use to solve the problem? • Use a division sentence; 10 ÷ 2 = 5 Confidential

  23. Try This! • Each of 4 children is wearing 4 bangle bracelets. How many bracelets are there in all? Confidential

  24. Step 1: Read Making a table • You can solve problems by making tables. • Example: Which day the most sign-ups? Use data from the table to solve. • What do you know? • There are 3 days for after school tutoring. • There is a list of names for each day. • What do you need to find? • You need to find out which day had the most sign-ups • To do this you need to know how many sign-ups there were each day. Confidential

  25. Step 2: Plan Making a table • Choose a strategy • A table can help you organize what you know. Make a table to solve the problem. Confidential

  26. Step 3: Solve Making a table • Carry out your plan • Make a table. • Tally the names for each day. Write the number of tallies for each day. Compare the tallies for each day. Complete the table. There are 11 sign-ups for Monday, 10 for Tuesday, and 7 for Wednesday. Monday had the most sign-ups. Confidential

  27. Step 4: Look Back Making a table • Is the solution reasonable? • Reread the problem. • Does your answer match the data given in the problem? Yes • What other strategies could you use to solve the problem? • Write a number sentence. Or make a bar graph. Confidential

  28. Try This! • Which game got the most votes? My Favorite Game Computer: John, Chuck, Leon, Kim, Rebecca, Sara, Tom, Bill Board: Alan, Steve, Pete, David, Jared Card: Arlyn, Frank, Ashley, Kathy Confidential

  29. Step 1: Read Find a Pattern • You can solve problems by making tables. • Example: The 24 dancers in a show dance in one long chorus line. Every third dancer wears a red costume. All of the others wear blue. Mary is the 14th dancer. What color costume does she wear? • What do you know? • There are 24 dancers in a chorus line. • Every third dancer wears a red costume. • All of the other dancers wear blue costumes. • Mary is the 14th dancer in the line. • What do you need to find? • You need to find out what color costume the 14th dancer wears. Confidential

  30. Step 2: Plan Find a Pattern • Choose a strategy • Finding a pattern will help you solve the problem. • Find the pattern for the first three dancers in the line. • Continue the pattern to find the color costume that the 14th dancer wears. Confidential

  31. Step 3: Solve Find a Pattern • Carry out your plan • There are 24 dancers in a line. Every third dancer wears a red costume. All the other dancers wear blue. • Use a number chart to help you find the pattern. • Color every third number red. • Color each of the other numbers blue. Is the number 14 colored in red or blue? Blue The 14th dancer is wearing a blue costume. Confidential

  32. Step 4: Look Back Find a Pattern • Is the solution reasonable? • Reread the problem. • Does your answer make sense? Yes • Did you answer the question? Yes • Did you find a pattern and continue it? Yes • What other strategies could you use to solve the problem? Confidential

  33. Try This! • Jennifer is playing the drums. In one performance she hits the drums on each of the first 3 beats, then rests for 2 beats. If this pattern continues, will she hit the drums on the 15th beat? Confidential

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