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Period 1

Period 1. Powerpoint 2013. Agenda. Bellringer :. Why are some areas more powerful than others?. Your Notebook. Objective: Allow student to focus on important information during their reading and to organize information. Set up (for each unit) Objective sheet Unit Vocabulary

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Period 1

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  1. Period 1 Powerpoint2013

  2. Agenda

  3. Bellringer: • Why are some areas more powerful than others?

  4. Your Notebook • Objective: • Allow student to focus on important information during their reading and to organize information. • Set up (for each unit) • Objective sheet • Unit Vocabulary • 1 page for each objective (some will require more than others) • Front page for students reading notes • Back page for class/lecture notes • Important people

  5. Expectations for notebook • Will be bought to each class • Students will write the objective on top of each page

  6. Bellringer: What are the basic characteristics of early human societies?

  7. Paleolithic And Neolithic Age

  8. Objective 1 Paleolithic Age • 12,000 BCE–humans evolved physically and mentally to the level of today • Opposable thumbs & developed brain • Paleolithic Achievements • Invention of tools & weapons • Language • Control of fire • Art (sculpture, jewelry, and cave paintings) • Humans lived in small bands of hunter-gatherers Links to the objective in your notebook. Write on the BACK of the page. The front page is reserved for your reading notes. Write down any addition or missed information that you DO NOT have from your reading notes.

  9. Objective 1/2 Paleolithic Age Societies • Men hunt and/or fish; women gather fruits, etc. • Lived in kinship groups of 20-30 people • Follow migratory patterns of animals • Need large portions of land to support themselves • Life expectancy was 20 years or less

  10. Paleolithic Societies • Groups were not always self-sufficient • Trade with neighboring groups was often necessary • Developed tools suitable for their environment • Practiced animism

  11. Discussion Question With the partner next to you discuss the following question: What causes technological change?

  12. Objective 3 Defining Neolithic Revolution • Define with your partner Neolithic Revolution: • Also can be called: Agricultural revolution • Mr. Poth’s definition: • The deliberate cultivation of particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  13. Objective 3 Neolithic Revolution • Around 10000 BCE, two discoveries revolutionized human society • Farming (1st crops were wheat & barley) • Herding (1st domesticated animals were goats, pigs, & cattle) • Domesticated animals produced a new type of society called Pastoralists

  14. Objective 3 Origins of Agriculture

  15. Objective 3 Social Results of the Neolithic Revolution • Social changes: • Permanent settlement • People become dependent on farming • Farming & specialized labor led to increase in technology • Pottery, the plow, irrigation, woven textiles, wheeled vehicles • Gender inequality • Full-time political and religious figures emerge as community leaders • Specialized workers such as toolmakers, miners, and merchants • Despite specialization, well-defined social stratification did not exist

  16. World Population Growth Intensive agriculture caused human population to jump from 5-8 million to 60 to 70 million in 5,000 years

  17. Objective 3 Environmental changes • Slash and burn farming • Some plant species die out • Animals domesticated

  18. Objective 3 Examples of Neolithic Cities • Farming & herding allowed for urban development • 1st cities emerged in Middle East (Turkey & Jordan) • Jericho and CatalHuyuk

  19. Objective 4 Pastoral Societies • Nomadic peoples who herd domesticated animals • Move in search of food for their animals • Develop on marginal land apart from areas suitable for agriculture, often semi-arid regions • Interact with agricultural societies

  20. Objective 4 Relationship betweendeveloping economies • Exchange of ideas and products • Conquest/absorption/displacement of hunter-gathers • Spread of language • Indo-European begin in turkey

  21. Objective 5 Impact of Technology changes on Human Society • Basket for food storage • Record keeping writing • Metals  allowing for strong tools & weapons • Bronze stronger/more useful than stone • 400 b.c.e

  22. River Valley Civilizations

  23. Objective 6 Characteristic of Civilization • A civilization is a complex culture with these five characteristics: • Specialized workers • Technology • Advanced cities • Institutions • Record keeping

  24. Objective 7 Ancient Mesopotamia

  25. Objective 7 Government (political) • Initially, priest-kings rule city-states • Sumerians (c. 3500 BCE) • City-states evolve into empires • Akkadians (c. 2334-2218 BCE) • Land owning aristocracy dominated • Develop a formal legal codes • Hammurabi’s Code (c. 1800 BCE)

  26. Objective 7 Religion/Culture • Believed in 3,000 gods • Goal: Appease gods to control nature • Art and literature focus on gods and religion • Epic of Gilgamesh • Contains a story of an epic flood • Built ziggurats

  27. Objective 7 Culture • Inventions: wheel, sail, and plow • Bronze metallurgy • 1st system of writing • Cuneiform • 1st number system • Based on units of10, 60, & 360 • Astronomy

  28. Objective 8 Society • Social stratification • Slavery was common • One could become a slave through war, crime, or debt • Slaves were used in temples, public buildings, or private homes • Patriarchal • Women could hold most occupations Nobles Freemen Slaves

  29. Objective 8 Economy

  30. Objective 7 Ancient Egypt • Relatively isolated • Nile flooded regularly, predictably • Provided rich soil, easy soil to farm • Civilization regulated flooding, surveying • Control the Nile; control society

  31. Objective 7 Government • Formed by 3000 BCE • Unified for most of history • Early Kingdom • Middle Kingdom • Late Kingdom • Theocracy • Pharaoh was a god-king • Women could be pharaohs • Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE) Ramses II

  32. Objective 7 Culture • Hieroglyphic writing on papyrus • Mathematics • Geometry • Calendar system • 365 days (off by 6 hours) • Medicine • Architecture

  33. Objective 7 Religion/Culture • Thousands of gods • Gods have animal and human qualities • Gods & goddesses • Relatively egalitarian • Believe in afterlife • Heaven & Hell • Mummification • Pyramids & Temples

  34. Objective 8 Social • Social Stratification • Limited opportunity for social mobility • Slavery common • Women have more rights • Could own property, propose marriage, and demand a divorce

  35. Objective 5 Ancient India & China

  36. Objective 7-8 Indus River Valley • Cities emerge around 2500 BCE • Culturally unified city-states • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro • Mysterious ending • Environmental degradation vs. Aryan invasion

  37. Objective 7-8 Indus River Valley • Polytheistic religion • Influenced Hinduism • Planned cities with large temples • Undecipherable writing system • Advanced technology • Plumbing systems

  38. Indus River Valley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  39. Objective 7-8 Ancient China • Developed in isolation along the Huang He (Yellow) River • Shang dynasty emerged c. 1500 BCE • Warlike kings & landed aristocracy dominate • Cities surrounded by massive earthen walls

  40. Objective 7-8 Ancient China • Chinese Society • Family at center of society • Extended-family structure • Women were subordinate • Chinese Culture • Believed spirits of family ancestors could bring good fortune or disaster • Oracle bones (right) • Bronze & silk

  41. Objective 7-8 Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven—Rulers are chose to rule by heaven and will continue to rule as long as heaven is pleased; if heaven is not pleased, heaven will pass the mandate to another family

  42. Objective 7-8 The Olmec • Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400-400 BCE • Olmec zone is dense tropical forest

  43. Objective 7-8 Olmec Government & Society • Several city-states with common culture • Social Hierarchy • Highest rank is that of the chief • Dominated by landed aristocracy • Laborers forced to build temples, palaces, and drainage canals

  44. Objective 7-8 Olmec Religion • Polytheistic • Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics • Feathered-serpent god (right) • Shamans organized religious life • Religion led to development of writing system and calendar

  45. Objective 7-8 Olmec Art • Building of clay pyramids and temple mounds • Particular sculptural style • Jaguars • Fine jade carving • Colossal heads

  46. Objective 6 Legacy of Ancient Civilizations • Writing systems, religions, and technology was influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures • Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE • Subject to nomadic invasions • Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China)

  47. Objective 9 Why did some societies survived and others be destroyed? • Discuss with your partner

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