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Double-beta decay and BSM physics: shell model nuclear matrix elements for competing mechanisms

Double-beta decay and BSM physics: shell model nuclear matrix elements for competing mechanisms. Mihai Horoi Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA

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Double-beta decay and BSM physics: shell model nuclear matrix elements for competing mechanisms

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  1. Double-beta decay and BSM physics: shell model nuclear matrix elements for competing mechanisms Mihai Horoi Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA Support from NSF grant PHY-1404442 and DOE/SciDACgrants DE-SC0008529/SC0008641 is acknowledged M. Horoi CMU

  2. Overview • Neutrino physics within and beyond the Standard Model (BSM) • DBD mechanisms: light Majorana neutrino exchange, right-handed currents, heavy neutrinos, SUSY R-parity violation,… • 48Ca: 2v and 0v shell-model matrix elements • Beyond closure approximation • 76Ge, 82Se, 130Te, and 136Xe results M. Horoi CMU

  3. Classical Double Beta Decay Problem A.S. Barabash, PRC 81 (2010) 2-neutrino double beta decay neutrinoless double beta decay Adapted from Avignone, Elliot, Engel, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 481 (2008) -> RMP08 M. Horoi CMU

  4. Neutrino Masses • Tritium decay: • Cosmology: CMB power spectrum, BAO, etc, Two neutrino mass hierarchies M. Horoi CMU

  5. Neutrino bb effective mass 76Ge Klapdor claim 2006 Cosmology constraint M. Horoi CMU

  6. ? The Minimal Standard Model M. Horoi CMU

  7. Too Small Yukawa Couplings? arXiv:1406.5503 Standard Modelfermion masses M. Horoi CMU

  8. The origin of Majorana neutrino masses Type I see-saw • SU2eimiterm dominates in most cases • TeVcollider Majorana tests not relevant arXiv:0710.4947v3 M. Horoi CMU

  9. The origin of Majorana neutrino masses See-saw mechanisms Left-Right Symmetric model WR search at CMS arXiv:1407.3683 arXiv:0710.4947v3 M. Horoi CMU

  10. Majorananeutrino masses M. Horoi CMU

  11. Low-energy contributions to 0vbbdecay Low-energy effective Hamiltonian M. Horoi CMU

  12. Contributions to 0vbbdecay: no neutrinos See-saw type III GUT/SUSY R-parity violation Squark exchange Hadronization /w R-parity v. Gluino exchange M. Horoi CMU

  13. The Black Box Theorem J. Schechter and J.W.F Valle, PRD 25, 2951 (1982) E. Takasugi, PLB 149, 372 (1984) J.F. Nieves, PLB 145, 375 (1984) M. Hirsch, S. Kovalenko, I. Schmidt, PLB 646, 106 (2006) (i) Neutrinos are Majorana fermions. (ii) Lepton number conservation is violated by 2 units 0nbb observed  at some level Regardless of the dominant 0nbb mechanism! M. Horoi CMU

  14. DBD signals from different mechanisms arXiv:1005.1241 2b0n rhc(h) M. Horoi CMU

  15. PRD 83, 113003 (2011) The 0vDBD half-life M. Horoi CMU

  16. Two Non-Interfering Mechanisms Assume T1/2(76Ge)=22.3x1024y M. Horoi CMU

  17. Is there a more general description? Long-range terms: (a) - (c ) Short-range terms: (d) M. Horoi CMU

  18. Summary of 0vDBD mechanisms • The mass mechanism (a.k.a. light-neutrino exchange) is likely, and the simplest BSM scenario. • Low mass sterile neutrino would complicate analysis • Right-handed heavy-neutrino exchange is possible, and requires knowledge of half-lives for more isotopes. • h- and l- mechanisms are possible, but could be ruled in/out by energy and angular distributions. • Left-right symmetric model may be also (un)validated at LHC/colliders. • SUSY/R-parity, KK, GUT, etc, scenarios need to be checked, but validated by other means. M. Horoi CMU

  19. 2v Double Beta Decay (DBD) of 48Ca The choice of valence space is important! Ikeda satisfied in pf ! Horoi, Stoica, Brown, PRC 75, 034303 (2007) M. Horoi CMU

  20. Double Beta Decay NME for 48Ca M. Horoi, PRC 87, 014320 (2013) M. Horoi CMU

  21. Closure Approximation and Beyond in Shell Model Challenge: there are about 100,000 Jk states in the sum for 48Ca Much more intermediate states for heavier nuclei, such as 76Ge!!! No-closure may need states out of the model space (not considered). Minimal model spaces 82Se : 10M states 130Te : 22M states 76Ge : 150M states M. Horoi CMU

  22. 82Se: PRC 89, 054304 (2014) M. Horoi CMU

  23. New Approach to calculate NME: New Tests of Nuclear Structure Brown, Horoi, Senkov arXiv:1409.7364, M. Horoi CMU

  24. 136Xe bb Experimental Results EXO-200 arXiv:1402.6956, Nature 510, 229 M. Horoi CMU

  25. 136Xe 2nbb Results New effective interaction, 0g7/2 1d5/2 1d3/2 2s5/2 0h11/2 model space 0h9/2 0h9/2 0h9/2 0h9/2 0h11/2 2s5/2 1d3/2 1d5/2 0g7/2 0h11/2 2s5/2 1d3/2 1d5/2 0g7/2 0h11/2 2s5/2 1d3/2 1d5/2 0g7/2 0g9/2 0g7/21d5/2 1d3/2 2s5/2 0h11/2 0h9/2 0h11/2 2s5/2 1d3/2 1d5/2 0g7/2 0g9/2 0g9/2 0g9/2 0g9/2 np - nh M. Horoi CMU

  26. S. Vigdor talk at LRP Town Meeting, Chicago, Sep 28-29, 2014 M. Horoi CMU

  27. IBA-2 J. Barea, J. Kotila, and F. Iachello, Phys. Rev. C 87, 014315 (2013). QRPA-En M. T. Mustonen and J. Engel, Phys. Rev. C 87, 064302 (2013). QRPA-Jy J. Suhonen, O. Civitarese, Phys. NPA 847 207–232 (2010). QRPA-TuA. Faessler, M. Gonzalez, S. Kovalenko, and F. Simkovic, arXiv:1408.6077 ISM-Men J. Menéndez, A. Poves, E. Caurier, F. Nowacki, NPA 818 139–151 (2009).SM M. Horoi et. al. PRC 88, 064312 (2013), PRC 89, 045502 (2014),PRC 90, PRC 89, 054304 (2014), in preparation, PRL 110, 222502 (2013). M. Horoi CMU

  28. IBA-2 J. Barea, J. Kotila, and F. Iachello, Phys. Rev. C 87, 014315 (2013). QRPA-TuA. Faessler, M. Gonzalez, S. Kovalenko, and F. Simkovic, arXiv:1408.6077 SM M. Horoi et. al. PRC 88, 064312 (2013),PRC 90, PRC 89, 054304 (2014), in preparation, PRL 110, 222502 (2013). M. Horoi CMU

  29. Take-Away Points Observation of 0nbb will signal New Physics Beyond the Standard Model. Black box theorem (all flavors + oscillations) (i) Neutrinos are Majorana fermions. (ii) Lepton number conservation is violated by 2 units 0nbb observed  at some level Regardless of the dominant 0nbb mechanism! M. Horoi CMU

  30. Take-Away Points The analysis and guidance of the experimental efforts need accurate Nuclear Matrix Elements. M. Horoi CMU

  31. Take-Away Points Extracting information about Majorana CP-violation phases may require the mass hierarchy from LBNE, cosmology, etc, but also accurateNuclear Matrix Elements. M. Horoi CMU

  32. Take-Away Points Alternative mechanisms to 0nbb need to be carefully tested: many isotopes, energy and angular correlations. These analyses also require accurateNuclear Matrix Elements. SuperNEMO; 82Se M. Horoi CMU

  33. Take-Away Points Accurate shell model NME for different decay mechanisms were recently calculated. The method provides optimal closure energies for the mass mechanism. Decomposition of the matrix elements can be used for selective quenching of classes of states, and for testing nuclear structure. 76Ge M. Horoi CMU

  34. Experimental info needed M. Horoi CMU

  35. Collaborators: • Alex Brown, NSCL@MSU • Roman Senkov, CMU and CUNY • Andrei Neacsu, CMU • Jonathan Engel, UNC • Jason Holt, TRIUMF M. Horoi CMU

  36. Summary and Outlook • Observation of neutrinoless double beta decay would signal physics beyond the Standard Model: massive Majorana neutrinos, right-handed currents, SUSY LNV, etc • 48Ca and 136Xe cases suggest that 2 double-beta decay can be described reasonably within the shell model with standard quenching, provided that all spin-orbit partners are included. • Higher order effects for 0 NME included: range 1.0 – 1.4 • Reliable 0bb nuclear matrix elements could be used to identify the dominant mechanism if energy/angular correlations and data for several isotopes become available. • The effects of the quenching and the missing spin-orbit partners are important (see the 136Xe case), and they need to be further investigated for 76Ge, 82Se and 130Te. M. Horoi CMU

  37. Effective Field Theory for BSM V. Ciriglianotalk at LPR Town Meeting, Chicago, Sep 28-29, 2014 M. Horoi CMU

  38. Effective Field Theory for BSM M. Hirsch talk at NEUTRINO 2014 M. Horoi CMU

  39. Comparisons of M0n 0nbb Results From T. Rodriguez, G. Martinez-Pinedo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 252503 (2010) (MS) Present Shell Model results: Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 222502 (2013) PRC 89, 045502 & 88, 064312 (2013) PRC 89, 054304 (2014), submitted M. Horoi CMU

  40. Shell Model GT Quenching empty valence frozen core core polarization: Phys.Rep. 261, 125 (1995) J. Menendez, D. Gazit and A. Schwenk, arXiV:1103.3622, PRL 107 M. Horoi CMU

  41. ? The Minimal Standard Model M. Horoi CMU

  42. The effect of larger model spaces for 48Ca arXiv:1308.3815, PRC 89, 045502 (2014) SDPFU: PRC 79, 014310 (2009) PRC 87, 064315 (2013) SDPFMUP: PRC 86, 051301(R) (2012) M. Horoi CMU

  43. Other Shell Model Results 0g7/2 1d5/2 1d3/2 2s5/2 0h11/2 valence space M. Horoi CMU

  44. S. Vigdor talk at LPR Town Meeting, Chicago, Sep 28-29, 2014 M. Horoi CMU

  45. The Black Box Theorem J. Schechter and J.W.F Valle, PRD 25, 2951 (1982) E. Takasugi, PLB 149, 372 (1984) J.F. Nieves, PLB 145, 375 (1984) M. Hirsch, S. Kovalenko, I. Schmidt, PLB 646, 106 (2006) However: M. Duerr et al, JHEP 06 (2011) 91 (i) Neutrinos are Majorana fermions. (ii) Lepton number conservation is violated by 2 units 0nbb observed  at some level Regardless of the dominant 0nbb mechanism! M. Horoi CMU

  46. M. Horoi CMU

  47. Neutrino Oscillations IH NH M. Horoi CMU

  48. Low-energy contributions to 0vbbdecay Low-energy effective Hamiltonian M. Horoi CMU

  49. PRD 86, 055006 (2012) Some mechanisms tested at LHC Left-right symmetric model arXiv:1307.4849 M. Horoi CMU

  50. Broken D-parity left-right symmetric model: arXiv:1409.2820 Some mechanisms tested at LHC Recent CMS results a 2.8s effect arXiv:1407.3683 M. Horoi CMU

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