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Sparta and Athens

Sparta and Athens. Sparta Beginnings. Descendents of the Dorians Located in Peloponnesus (peninsula of southern Greece Did not found overseas colonies Invaded/enslaved neighboring city-states True Spartans were outnumbered

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Sparta and Athens

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  1. Sparta and Athens

  2. SpartaBeginnings • Descendents of the Dorians • Located in Peloponnesus (peninsula of southern Greece • Did not found overseas colonies • Invaded/enslaved neighboring city-states • True Spartans were outnumbered • Revolt of the Helots (slaves) lasted 30 years and turned Sparta into military society

  3. SpartaGovernment • Two kings ruled jointly with little power • Assembly: passed laws and made decisions concerning war and peace • Five overseers of administration • Council of Elders who proposed laws and acted as Supreme Court

  4. SpartaMilitary • Emphasis on military/athletic ability • Military school by age 7 • Soldier by age 20 • Retire from military by age 60 • Exceptional soldiers who defended Greece from outside invaders

  5. SpartaWomen • Schooled, sports • Could own property, move freely, express opinions • Could not take part in the government

  6. Sparta Results of Militarism • Suspicious of new ideas that might bring change • Lagged behind economically • Discouraged trade • Tried to remain self-reliant • Shunned philosophy, science, art

  7. Spartan Warriors

  8. AthensBeginnings • Located in Attica, peninsula of central Greece • Descended from the Mycenaeans • Named after Goddess Athena • 600’s BC -Farmers, merchants, artisans pushed for economic and political reform • In beginning citizenship was narrow but eventually included all free Athenian-born men, regardless of class or land ownership • Metics -free foreigners

  9. AthensEducation • Boys formal education, girls had none • Text: The Illiad and the Odyssy • School attended from age 7 - 18 • Two years of military service • Tutors for the wealthy

  10. Athenian LeadersDraco (621 BC) • First of four leaders to make change in government • Code of Laws -very severe - ‘Draconian’ -Laws written so aristocrats could not dictate what was legal or not

  11. Solon (594 BC) • Second leader poet/lawmaker • Improved economy -canceled land debt -freed debtors from prison -placed land limits -cash crops promoted trade -industry where fathers teach sons skills -extended citizenship to foreign artisans

  12. Peisistratus (546 BC) • Divided large land estates among landless • Extended citizenship to men who did not own land • Poor provided with loans • Public works for poor

  13. Cleisthenes (508 BC) • Instituted series of laws that established democracy (affected 20% -excluded women, slaves, foreign born) • Equal treatment under the law • Freedom of speech • Passed laws; appointed generals • Jury system (20 to 1001) -kept jurors from being influenced -majority vote -ostracism: exclusion/exile • Council of 500 -daily government business -any citizen (chosen by lot so not to favor rich)

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