Water as a universal solvent

1. Water as a universal solvent Polarity

2. Content • Theme of the project. • Analysis of chemical bonding in common life stuff and human body. • Why water is polar molecule? • Survey on ‘like dissolve like’. • Role as chemical analyst. • Conclusion.

3. Theme of Project • We are acting as scientists. We are finding out the real life chemistry of compounds on the basis of chemical bonding between them. • By ‘ Sehrish Khan’

4. Types of chemical bondings in daily life

5. Chemical Compounds in Human Body • The composition can also be expressed in terms of chemicals, there exists different types of bonding in them. The chemical are such as: • Water • Proteins – including those of hair, connective tissue, etc. • Fats (or lipids) • Apatite in bones • Carbohydrates such as glycogen and glucose • DNA • Dissolved inorganic ions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate • Gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide. These may be dissolved or present in the gases in the lungs or intestines. Many other small molecules, such as amino acids, fatty acids

6. is a polar molecule a molecule of water is polar because of the unequal sharing of its electrons between hydrogen and oxygen in a "bent" structure. A water molecule, a commonly-used example of polarity. The two charges are present with a negative charge in the middle (red shade), and a positive charge at the ends (blue shade). Why Water is Polar?

7. Two substances form a solution when there is an attraction between the particles of the solute and solvent. when a polar solvent such as water dissolves polarsolutes such as sugar, and ionic solutes such as NaCl. when a nonpolar solvent such as hexane (C6H14) dissolves nonpolar solutes such as oil or grease. Water is also a good solvent due to its polarity. The solvent properties of water are vital in biology, because many biochemical reactions take place only within aqueous solutions ‘Like dissolves like’

8. Survey report

9. Role As Chemical analyst: Activity: painting classroom wall with oil paints. Step 1: first of all we selected oil paint colours to use it. Step 2: we came to know that the paint had gone thicker due to some environmental conditions. Step 3: we tried to figure it out and wanted to use thinner to make it less viscous. Step 4: we used water as a thinner. Step5: when we tried to mix oil paints and water, they didn't intermix with each other. Step 6: we all team members were wondering what might have gone wrong?

10. Step 7: one of the team members wanted us to study the chemical nature of water. We found out that water is polar in nature but oil paints are non-polar. That is the reason we can not mix a polar compound into a non-polar compound. Step 8: soon we succeeded to select a non-polar compound as a thinner. Step 9: we used turpentine and varnish may be added to increase the glossiness. Step 10: the oil paint was thinned with the help of turpentine.

11. Results and Drawbacks: Water can't be used as a thinner while using oil paints. We always make use of non-polar organic thinners for this purpose. As we know that 'like dissolve like' .

12. Internet tools • We created wiki and blog to share our ideas. The links are as follows: • http://reallifechemistry.pbworks.com • http://explorepolarity.blogspot.com

13. Other activities • We also created a brochure in which we included the components causing water pollution n arranged a walk to create awareness among the masses.

14. Conclusion • Disadvantage: • Some paint thinners, such as mineral turpentine, may be abused as inhalants. This is an extremely dangerous and potentially addictive form of drug abuse. Due to the dangers linked with inhaling these solvents, most paint thinners are recommended for use in well ventilated areas to minimize danger. • Thinners such as turpentine and white spirit are flammable.