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Dr. Montville Fall 2009

The Science Of Food. Nutrition. Dr. Montville Fall 2009. Nutrition. AMA – Nutrition is, “The science of food, the nutrients and substances therein, their interaction, action, and balance in relation to health and disease….” and the digestive and metabolic processes therein.

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Dr. Montville Fall 2009

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  1. The Science Of Food Nutrition Dr. Montville Fall 2009

  2. Nutrition AMA – Nutrition is, “The science of food, the nutrients and substances therein, their interaction, action, and balance in relation to health and disease….” and the digestive and metabolic processes therein.

  3. Physiology Of The GI Tract

  4. Definitions • 1 calorie = Amount of energy required to raise temp of 1g of water by 1C • Relating to food and nuts, 1,000 cal = 1 Kilo calorie = 1 Calorie • Energy needs: • Basal metabolism = f(lean body mass) • 60 – 70 % of basal requirement is from muscle. • 25-40% from physical activity • 10% “keeping warm”

  5. Maintaining Weight Energy Input Vs. Output • Calories count • Intake > used: Gain weight • Intake < used: Lose weight • Intake = used: Maintain weight • Easier to keep weight off than lose it • Body has “set point” • Controlled by: • Exercise • Intake control • Behavior modification

  6. Energy Output Importance of Exercize

  7. Energy Input Vs. Output Dr. Montville's Case Study • Calories and exercise- Dr. Montville’s cycling odyssey • Moving 175 lbs at 16.2 mph requires 700 calories per hour • M.S. ride: 80 miles at 16.2 mph = 5 hours • Caloric expenditure = 3,500 calories • Weight: Gain or lose?

  8. Dr. Montville's Case Study Caloric Intake Day 1

  9. Dr. Montville's Case Study Caloric Intake Day 2

  10. Weight, % Body Fat, And Miles Cycled (2004)

  11. Maintaining A Healthy Weight Definitions • Ways to monitor “appropriate weight”: • Height and weight tables • Body mass index (BMI) • BMI = Weight (kgs) % (height in meters)2 • “Should” be 18-25 • > 30 = obese; • Over-estimates risk in muscular people (athletes)

  12. Maintaining A Healthy Weight Height And Weight Table

  13. Maintaining A Healthy Weight Are You A Healthy Weight?

  14. “I’m not overweight, I’m under height.” Under height: • Heart disease, diabetes, stroke • Shorter life span • ~10% dip in earning • Less likely to finish college • Smaller lungs, narrower vessels • U.S. losing height

  15. Maintaining A Healthy Weight BMI Calculation

  16. Maintaining A Healthy Weight Obesity Myths

  17. President Barack Obama • 6 foot, two inches • 175 pounds • BMI = ~23

  18. Maintaining A Healthy Weight Reasonable Ranges Of Body Fat Percentage

  19. Maintaining A Healthy Weight Reasonable Ranges Of Body Fat Percentage

  20. Know What You Are Eating!

  21. Know What You Are Eating! Hardee’s “Monster Burger"

  22. Know What You Are Eating! McDonald's

  23. Know What You Are Eating! McDonald's Con't

  24. Know What You Are Eating! Banana Nut Muffin

  25. Know What You Are Eating! Chocolate Chip Muffin

  26. Know What You Are Eating! Coffee Cake Muffin

  27. Know What You Are Eating! Vanilla Bean Coolatta

  28. Eating Disorders Introduction • Remember? Eating serves *many* social, cultural, and physiological roles • Endorphins • Serotonin • Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia

  29. Anorexia Nervosa Basics • Extreme weight loss • <85% of ideal body weight • Distorted body image • Societal pressure • Control needs • 90% women, 10% male • Amenorrhea • Can be Fatal

  30. Anorexia Nervosa Physiological Effects • Lower body temperature • Lanuga (downy hair on skin) • Rough dry skin • Low blood pressure • Low white blood cell count • Depression • Tooth loss

  31. Bulimia Nervosa Basics • Binge and purge 2x/week for 2-3 months • Single binge up to 12,000 calories • Lack of control and inappropriate compensation • 40% male, 60% female, 5-17% of college age females • They recognize behavior as: • Abnormal • Secretive • ½ have major depression

  32. Bulimia Nervosa Physiological Effects • Slightly above normal body weight • Tooth demineralization • Esophageal damage • Low potassium, arrhythmia

  33. Bulimia Nervosa Vicious Cycle

  34. Eating Disorders Female Athlete Triad • Disordered Eating • No Menstruation • Osteoporosis

  35. Eating Disorders Summary

  36. A Diet That Works • Eat a variety of foods – best source of nutrients is their natural source. • Eat a balanced diet – don’t over-consume any one product Single food diets hard to maintain long term. • Eat in moderation – beware of “super-sizing” and “special occasion” eating. • Be aware of nutrient density – ideally % daily calories should about equal daily nutritional needs. • Beware of energy (calorie) density – nuts have more calories per unit weight than fruits do. Fried foods have more calories than the same food baked or broiled. • INCREASE ACTIVITY!!!! Building muscle mass increases basal rate of caloric burn.

  37. Lecture Summary • Nutrition is more than weight control (from last lecture) • Weight Control • Calories count • Methods of monitoring “weight” • % Body fat • case study, Dr. Montville weight • “Diets” • A diet that works • Akins and Pritkins • Eating Disorders • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia

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