Egypt

1. Egypt By: Sarah R, Adam S, Dan F, Casey G

2. History • What are the ancient origins of your nation? • Egypt was influenced by east. They have very rich soil which makes it easier to grow crops. • What Steps were taken to form the Nation ? • The rich soil they had attracted people which helped them a lot. As people started farming they started to become more stable. • How have the events of the modern world affected the nation? • They were taken over by Britain and became there main defense. They couldn’t become allies with Germany because the British wouldn’t allow it.

3. Cultural/intellectual/Artistic • Ethnic groups- • 99.6 % Egyptian. • Gender Roles- • Male- responsible for food production, crafts, defense of state and work relating to the temples. • Men wear Galabayyas. • Female- restricted to house, raising the children, producing cloths, cooking food. • Women wore caftans. • Education- • 71.5 % can real (15<age) • Urban population- 48% • Urbanization- 1.8% • Because of rural economies farmers are forced to move to Cairo and urban areas.

4. Galabayyas. Galabayyas are the traditional clothing for working men in Egypt. They are simple and immensely practical. Consisting of little more than a floor length tube of cotton material with sleeves, galabayyas allow for modesty but at the same time give plenty of circulation. They are good for work clothing since they are easily washed, and, if desired, can be put over nicer clothes to protect them from getting dirty.

5. Cultural/intellectual/Artistic • Culture: • Ancient Egyptians left well reserved wall paintings and carvings that have been discovered on tombs and temples. • Food: • Peas, beans, cucumbers, pigs, grapes, fish and poultry are also popular in these times. • Language: • Back then they used to hieroglyphics which consists of symbols, you read them in columns. mostly speak arabic.

6. Artistic • Monuments: • Many monuments would be pyramids like the pyramid of Giza and the sphynx. And tombs that came from ancient pharaohs. The pyramids of Giza are one of the 7 wonders of the world. • The unique thing about Egypt is that the Egyptians made significant monumental places with very little technology using “old school” tools levers and pulleys.

7. Pictures

8. Geography • Climate- • Desert land, with hot and dry summers and moderate winters. • Resources- • Petroleum, iron, ore phosphate , manganese , limestone, gypsum talc, asbestos, lead and zinc. • Boarder Conditions- • The Palestinian are continuing to cross into the boarder called the Gaza strip of Egypt and they are getting mad about it, but they are agreeing to let them continue this if it helps them stock up on supplies. • The Gaza strip is roughly 4.7 miles long and the Egyptian side is patrolled by 750 soldiers.

10. Goegraphy • Topography – • The Nile valley and delta: It extends from north of the valley to the Mediterranean Sea and is divided into Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. The Nile River • The Western Desert: It extends from the Nile Valley in the East to the Libyan borders in the west, and from the Mediterranean in the north to Egypt's Southern borders. • The Eastern Desert: Extends from the Nile Valley in the West to the Red Sea, Suez Gulf, and Suez Canal in the East, and from Lake Manzala on the Mediterranean in the North to Egypt's southern borders.

11. Flag of Egypt Red- period before 1952 Revolution which brought a group of army officers to power after deposing King Farouk, then King of Egypt. White- the advent of the 1952 Revolution which ended the monarchy without bloodshed. Black- end of the oppression of the people of Egypt .

12. Economy • GDP- • 158.3 billion • GDP per capita- • $ 5,400 • Natural resources- • Coal, iron, ore, petroleum, natural gas, manganese , limestone, gypsum talc, asbestos, lead and zinc. • Industries- • textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures. • Poverty Level- • Around 20% of Egypt's population is under the poverty line.

13. Religon • Religious groups- • Muslim- 90%, Coptic- 9%, Christian- 1% • Religious Festivals- • Ramadan- ninth month of the Islamic calendar and the most important month in the Islamic Calendar for Muslims, the majority religion in Egypt. • Eid-Al-Adha- This holiday celebrates the sacrifice made by Abraham when Allah told him to sacrifice his only son Ishmael. It takes place on the 10th and last day of the Hajj.

14. Religion • Connection to the government- • Because they are a republic, meaning the people decide what goes on. Also the Muslims have a open feeling about there religion. Which mean they will be more appt to speak out about the government decisions.

15. Government • What is Egypt's form of government? • Republic. • Government vs. Religion • The religious holidays and values effect the government’s decisions on certain laws and work schedules. • Does religion effect international relations?

16. Egypt and the Gaza Boarder • The Gaza Strip is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea. • Lately there have been many problems between Egypt and the Gaza strip. Smuggling food and goods between the boarder. • Video : Of smuggling through the boarder and the Gaza strip.

17. Current Affairs. • Pressing issues- • Children are living on the street and are living a unhealthy life. They are deprived of basic needs, protection, guidance and supervision. On the street they are exposed to toxic substances which come from their food and environment. •  Egyptians want Obama to address human rights in Egypt. They want him to talk about freedom of speech and freedom to dress. Even though they want him this to happen they don't want him to look down on the Muslim world. 

18. Bibliography • Egypt." CIA world fact book. 14 may. 4 Jun 2009 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html>. • "Ancient Egypt." Egypt. 4 Jun 2009 <http://www.egypt.com/en/index.php>. • "Ancient Egypt." ancient Egypt. 16 jan. 4 Jun 2009 <http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html>. • "Hieroglyphics." egyptian hieroglyphics. 16 jan. 4 Jun 2009 <http://www.greatscott.com/hiero/>.