The Rise of the market Economy & the Peculiar Institution

1. Crash Course: Market Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNftCCwAol0&noredirect=1 The Rise of the market Economy & the Peculiar Institution

2. Quiz -You may use your chapter 12 hmwk • How did Southern leaders of the 1830s differ from the Jeffersonian response to slavery • What percentage of whites owned slaves in 1830? 1860? • What was one consequence and one benefit of being poor freemen (property-less whites) in the South?

3. Quiz -You may use your chapter 12 hmwk • Why did a domestic slave trade emerge as a major money making enterprise b/w 1800-1860? • What was the gang labor system? • What was one consequence and one benefit of being poor freemen (property-less whites) in the South?

4. Before Industrial Revolution • 18th Century –old economy • Built around exporting a small number of staple goods • Only the wealthy purchased fabric, paint, glass & other manufactures from England • Other necessities produced in the home (homespun cloth) or by local artisans • Cobblers, blacksmiths, coopers

5. Rise of the Market Economy (1790 – 1840) • Development of the factory system • Factories gradually replace home industries • Continental expansion • Treaty of Paris, 1783 • Louisiana Purchase, 1803 • Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 • Expansion of commercial agriculture • Crops produced for sale & export –cotton* • Effects • Expansion of middle class • Higher standard of living • Exploitation of women, children & immigrants • Greater accumulation of wealth • Increasing urbanization

6. Attributes of the Market Revolution • Prices set by competition, not the gov’t • New technology in communication & transportation • Organizational innovation • Factories (organize the factors of production) • Standardization of time • Gov’t support (early on) • Infrastructure (canals, roads, railroads) often w/ monopolistic charter • Judicial branch protects • Competition • Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge, 1837 • Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 • Limited liability • National bank (modern banking system)

7. Factors that made the Industrial Revolution possible? • Gov’t protection of patent rights • Gov’t support of crucial infrastructure projects • Transportation revolution; steam powered ships, trains • Tariffs • Development of corporations w/limited liability • Improved educational system • Cheap labor -immigrants or people moving from farm to city (young women, esp.) • Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 stimulated need for domestic manufactures • Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts (efficiency) • Gov’t control of interstate commerce & gov’t protection of contracts • Stable currency under the 2nd National Bank of the U.S. • Improved communication –invention of the telegraph

8. Warm Up • How does the diagram reflect the values of the Second Great Awakening?

9. The Second Great Awakening • 1790s – 1830s • Protestant revival movement • Increased the number of Baptists & Methodists • Believers thought a new age of humanity was beginning -millennialism

10. Revivals & camp meeting were popular in the west • ‘Burned over’ district of western NY • Cane Ridge, KY • TN, Southern OH, • Stimulated reform movements • The nation must be free from the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ

11. Most reform movements were started by Congregationalists • Expressed the values of white, Protestant, middle class, northeast urban culture • Benevolent Empire • Worked to institutionalize charity & battle social evils in a systematic way • Major Reform Movements • Abolition • Temperance • Women’s Rights* • Asylum(Hospital) • Prisons • Education

12. Cultural Conflicts • Immigration • Between 1840 -1860 , millions settle permanently; majority are: • Irish in the northeast, NY & Boston • Germans, Midwest states • Most were Catholic • Growth of Catholic Churches • Acceptance of alcohol • Irish were typically illiterate; didn’t want to send children to public schools • Church (Pope) was more important than American political leaders • Gives rise to Nativism • Mob violence of unemployed natives vs. Irish • Publication of anti-Catholic stories • Anti-immigration laws advocated

13. The Awful Disclosures by Maria Monk:A Narrative of Her Sufferings in the Hotel Dieu Nunnery in Montreal The Superior now informed me that having taken the black veil, it only remained that I should swear the three oaths customary on becoming a nun…I must be informed that one of my great duties was to obey the priests in all things; and this I soon learnt, to my utter astonishment and horror, was to live in the practice of criminal intercourse with them.

14. Complete with your team

15. AP PARTS

16. Abolition in the early republic Battle Hymn of the Republic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpZ3jPMM5Ac&list=RD02GI2dXQ3Eckg • Slavery was a political issue during the Revolutionary War • GB promised freedom to slave who fought for them • However, slaves did fight in local colonial militias to raise their status • Some states began to pass manumission laws • VA 1782 • Religious beliefs (Quaker & Methodist) & intellectual currents advocated legal change • 1784 MA Supreme Court abolished slavery • Other Northern states legalized gradual emancipation • South of Delaware, slavery was considered a property rights issue & ‘a necessary evil’ • Most southern states will only allow emancipation by permission of the legislature

17. Abolitionists • Early Efforts • American Colonization Society (1816 – 1967) • Henry Clay, Robert Finley • Founded Liberia on west coast of Africa, 1822 –few agreed to settle there (13,000 total) • 3 pronged approach (1830 – 60’s) • Appeal to religious believers & Testimonials • Aid to fugitive slaves –Underground RR, Harriet Tubman • Political campaign to Congress • William Lloyd Garrison 1831, The Liberator (newspaper) • Immediate Abolition -Unpopular even in the North, mobbed in the streets of Boston • Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833 • David Walker -1829-Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World • ‘radicalized’ slaves called for violent revolt if necessary • Frederick Douglass • Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass • The North Star (newspaper) • Sojourner Truth – ‘Ain’t I a Woman?’ • Harriet Beecher Stowe –humanizing the slave in novel form • 1852, Uncle Tom’s Cabin

18. Slave Uprisings • Gabriel Prosser Rebellion -Richmond, VA 1800 -Prosser & 30 slaves hung for planning rebellion • Greater restrictions of free blacks • prohibitions on gathering, education & travel on slaves • Denmark Vesey Rebellion -Charleston,SC 1822 • AME Zion church shut down for 2 years, b/c it was seen as the origin of the conspiracy to rebel • Nat Turner’s Rebellion –killed 55 whites • South Hampton County, VA 1830 -Blamed on abolitionist David Walker’s “Appeal” • White ministers were required by law to be present at black religious services