跨文化交际 Cross-cultural Communication

1. 跨文化交际Cross-cultural Communication Unit 7 In Other Words czl@ahut.edu.cn

2. Unit 7. In Other Words Objectives: ABC of ① English synonyms, ②idioms, ③proverbs, ④slang and ⑤euphemisms How to use such language appropriately in different situations Render English idiomsinto Chinese and vice versa Features of English proverbs and the cultural background of certain proverbs Similarities and differences between E/C proverbs by translating (E/C or C/E) Functions of slang words or phrases in native speakers’ daily talk. What is ‘rhyming slang’?

3. Unit 7. In Other Words Warm up (P.270) Activity 1. Synonyms Activity 2. Idioms Activity 3. More on Idioms Activity 4. Proverbs Activity 5. Slangs, Taboo Words and Euphemisms Review

4. Activity 1. Synonyms • Task 1. Why are there different words for the same thing? • Text In Other Words(P.273) • Synonyms= different words which stand for the same meaning. • A synonym is a word that means the same, or almost the same, as another word in the same language, either in all of its uses or in a particular context. • ★English is a language particularly rich in synonyms and these synonyms differ from one another in several ways. E.g. • ① a difference in regional variety (snack- baggin ; autumn - fall) • ② stylistic differences (sodium chloride - salt) • ③ differences in the emotional connotations of words(youngster -youth) • Task 2. A Close Look • More examples in the Text: • enough – sufficient; everlasting – never-ending; autumn – fall; snack – baggin; salt- sodium chloride; recalcitrant – disobedient; youths - youngsters • Task 3. What Do They Do?(jobs) • Synonyms of “job” / “hobby”(P.275) • Task 4. Divided by a Common Language

5. Activity 2. Idioms • Task 1. Critical Incident • Text: What on Earth Did He Mean? • Two idioms: ①face the music = (P.280) • ②Play the game = (P. 280) • Task 2. Idioms • Text: Idioms • ★An idiom is a fixed phrase with phrase with its own meaning which has to be learned as one unit. Two features: ① their tendency to be frozen in form; ② must be remembered as a single items. • ①”It’s raining cats and dogs.” • = It is raining very heavily. • ② “Put one’s foot in one’s mouth.” • = Someone blunders by saying sth. he should not have. • ★An idiom may have the same structure as an ordinary phrase, but it has become frozen in form, whereas an ordinary phrase does not have the same idiomatic sense. E.g. Put one’s foot in his mouth / put one’s wallet in his coat

6. Activity 2. (continued) • Task 3. Translating Idioms(P.282) • ★in translating idioms it is not always necessary to explain all allusions in detail, yet we still need to be careful to see if we can translate them into idioms which can be easily understood by our own readers without altering their original meanings. E.g. “take French leave”（不辞而别） • Task 4. Idioms Drawn from the Bible (P.285) • 1. An eye for an eye • 2. Hide one’s light under a bushel • 3. After one’s own heart • 4. Still small voice • 5. Lion in the way • 6. By the skin of one’s teeth • 7. Cast/ throw pearls before swine • 8. A fly in the ointment • 9. Wash one’s hands • 10. The salt of the earth

7. Activity 3. More on Idioms • Mr. Brown is a very white man. He was looking rather green the other day. He has been blue lately. When I saw him, he was in a brown study. I hope he’ll soon be in the pink again. Task 1. Colorful Language • Some English idioms with colours(P.288-290) • Paint the town red • See red • A red-letter day • Be in the red(赤字); be out of the red ; go into/ get out of the red • Red tape • Blue-eyed boy • To be green = lack experience, not mature enough

8. Activity 3. More on Idioms • Tickle sb. pink • Brown study= n. 深思、沉思 • Out of blue = unexpectedly; without warning • As black as sb. is painted • White elephant • Grey matter • Black sheep • Brown off = bored; fed up • Green fingers

9. Activity 3. (continued) Task 2. Adding a Dash More Colour(P.291) • See the red light • Give the green light to • In the blue moon • In the pink • A brown-stone district • Hold the blue pencil • Be in the black • Caught red-handed • Green with envy • A white lie • The white hope • Grey area (AmE. Gray area)

10. Activity 3. (continued) Task 3. Animals and Metaphors (P.293) 1. as busy as a bee, 2. as cunning as a fox, 3. as strong as a horse, 4. as slippery as an eel, 5. as blind as a bat, 6. as meek as a lamb, 7. as happy as a lark 8. as foolish as a donkey, 9. as stubborn as a mule, 10. as wise as an owl, 11. as majestic as a lion, 12. as stupid as a goose

11. Activity 3. (continued) 11. Twist the lion’s tail 12. Hold a wolf by the ears 13. Kill oneself 14. Make a lion’s meal of 15. Scratch the surface 16. Scapegoat 17. Black sheep 18. Out in the left field 19. Tower above/ Triton of/ among minnows 20. Birds of the same feather Task 4. Translating Animal Idioms(P.295) 1. Love me love my dog. 2. lead a dog’s life 3. drink like a fish, 4. talk horse 5. Cast pearls before swine 6. Dumbstruck 7. Like a drowned rat 8. Short sighted/ not see beyond one’s nose 9. A chicken-hearted 10. A fish in troubled water

12. Activity 3. (continued) Task 5. Sports and Idioms(P.296) 1. Behind the eight ball, 2. Shoot from the hip, 3. Hand-to=hand combat 4. Slam dunk something 5. Go for the jugular, 6. Right on target 7. No netter, 8. A straight shooter 9. Twist somebody’s arm 10. Take aim at something 11. Strike a low blow, 12. Shoot one’s mouth off 13. A knockout punch, 14. Shoot with real bullets 15. Stand up for a few punches.

13. Activity 3. (continued) Task 6. Some Practice on Sports Idioms 1. twisted his arm = keep on persuading him 2. shooting his mouth off about = boasting 3. behind the eight ball = blocked and made no further progress 4. go for the jugular = attacks his opponents’ weaker points so aggressively and without mercy. 5. a straight shooter =honest and frank in one’s talk 6. stand up for a few punches = withstand pressure and go ahead with the work 7. slam dunk = do things decisively and with flair 8. shoot with real bullets = speak from practical experience and start now 9. a knockout punch = decisive 10. right on the target = very appropriate

14. Activity 4. Proverbs • Task 1. Different Cultural Back grounds, Similar Views • Task 2. Proverbs: the Daughters of Experience • Text —— Proverbs（P.302） • Task 3. Devices That Make Proverbs Memorable • 1. Alliteration =the same sound occurring at the beginning of two or more words in succession, as in “look before you leap” • 2.Rhyme = words or syllables that have or end with the same sound as each other, esp. when such words are used at the end of lines, as in “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” • 3. Balanced structure e.g. “More haste, less speed.” • Task 4. “Many hands…” • (… make light work.)

15. Activity 5. Slang, Taboo Words and Euphemisms • Task 1. Different Situations and Different Styles • Task 2. Style and Slang • Text —— Styles and Slang（P.309） • Task 3. Rhyming Slang • Task 4. English Taboo Words and Swearwords • Text —— Taboo Words and Swearwords（P.314） • Task 5. Euphemism • Eu-=美好的， pheme = 语言，话语 • Slang= words and expressions which are regarded as very informal and so are not considered suitable for formal social situations or serious writing. • ★Slang is used between people who know each other very well or who have the same job or the same interests. • ★ Swearing serves important social functions as well as an emotional outlet.

16. Review • 第七单元　换句话说 • 内容：介绍习语、谚语、俚语、委婉语、禁忌语等文化内涵。 • 教学目的：使学员对常用习语、谚语、俚语、委婉语、禁忌语中的文化内涵及英汉差异有较清楚的认识。 • 学习目标：通过练习能够理解常用习语、谚语、俚语、委婉语、禁忌语等。