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Grade 8 Science Unit 2: Optics

Grade 8 Science Unit 2: Optics. Chapter 6 : Lenses refract light to form images. Lenses. A curved piece of transparent material that refracts light in a predictable way. Usually made from glass or plastic. Lenses. There are two types of lenses: 1. Convex Centre of the lens bulges out

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Grade 8 Science Unit 2: Optics

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  1. Grade 8 ScienceUnit 2: Optics Chapter 6: Lenses refract light to form images.

  2. Lenses • A curved piece of transparent material that refracts light in a predictable way. • Usually made from glass or plastic.

  3. Lenses

  4. There are two types of lenses: 1. Convex • Centre of the lens bulges out • Causes light rays to bend toward each other (converge)

  5. 2. Concave • Centre of the lens is curved in • Causes light rays to bend away from each other (diverge)

  6. Convex vs. Concave Lenses

  7. Convex Lenses • Can act as a magnifying glass • Each lens has its own focal length (the distance from the centre of the lens to the focal point)

  8. The greater the curvature of the lens, the shorter the focal length. (pg. 217)

  9. Lenses have focal points on either side because light shines through either side. • The line through the centre of the lens is called the principle axis. • Optical centre is where the principle axis meets the lens centre.

  10. Optical Centre Principle Axis

  11. Concave Lenses • To find the focal point, you must extend the refracted rays back.

  12. Lenses with the greater curvature have the shortest focal length. (pg. 221)

  13. Corrective Lenses The Eye (pg. 229)

  14. Vision

  15. Near-sighted Vision • See objects up close but not at a distance. • Concave lenses are used to correct this vision.

  16. Near- sighted Vision

  17. Far-sighted Vision • See objects at a distance but not up close. • Convex lenses are used to correct this vision.

  18. Far-sighted Vision

  19. You must include the following incident rays: • Travelling parallel to the p.a. • Travelling through the o.c. • Travelling through the F. Determining Focal Length...

  20. Ray Diagrams: Convex Lenses Object between the lens and focal point.

  21. Object is between the focal point and 2X the focal length.

  22. Object is more than 2X the focal length.

  23. Ray Diagrams: Concave Lenses The above is true for an object in all positions.

  24. CORESTSE:“Fibre Optics” Fibre Cable

  25. Optical Technologies... 1. Microscopes • Uses two convex lenses with relatively short focal points to magnify • Magnified twice to increase enlargement

  26. The Microscope

  27. 2. Telescopes • The objective lens has a longer focal length than the microscope. • Can have either a refracting or reflecting telescope

  28. Refracting Telescope (pg. 245) • The lenses bend light to focus it. • The objective lens must be as large as possible to view distant galaxies (makes it heavy)

  29. Reflecting Telescope (pg. 246) • Uses a concave mirror, plane mirror and a convex lens to collect and focus light from objects at a great distance. • Most large telescopes are this type.

  30. The Hubble Space Telescope Launched in 1990

  31. The Reflecting Telescope

  32. 3. Cameras (pg. 248) 4. Binoculars (pg. 247) 5. Face shields 6. Magnifying glasses 7. Contact lenses 8. Flashlights 9. Eye glasses

  33. The Nature of Science • The development of new technologies involve many individuals and groups of people. • These technologies can alter what we know about the nature of science.

  34. Individuals... 1602 1672 Galileo Newton

  35. Groups...

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