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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The new Athens Center applied to space weather forecasting. H. Mavromichalaki 1 , C. Sarlanis 1 , G. Souvatzoglou 1 , G. Mariatos 1 , M. Gerontidou 1 ,

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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

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  1. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens The new Athens Center applied to space weather forecasting H. Mavromichalaki1, C. Sarlanis1, G. Souvatzoglou1, G. Mariatos1, M. Gerontidou1, C. Plainaki1, A. Papaioannou1, S. Tatsis1 1University of Athens, Physics Department, Section of Nuclear & Particle Physics, Zografos 15771 Athens Greece emavromi@cc.uoa.gr Website:http://cosray.phys.uoa.gr A. Belov2, E. Eroshenko2, V. Yanke2 2 IZMIRAN, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia abelov@izmiran.rssi.ru PHYSICS DEPARTMENT NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS SECTION Cosmic Ray Group http://cosray.phys.uoa.gr 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  2. Overview • What is a NM? And what is it measuring? • The Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing (ANMODAP) Center Implementation • ANMODAP Center Outputs • ANMODAP Center Applications • What is next? 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  3. Neutron Monitor Stations • Neutron Monitor Stations have been recording Galactic Cosmic Ray Variations since 1960 • The first real time neutron monitor was established in 1997 in Moscow. Nowadays 25 NM stations provide data in real or quasi real time. • The technology evolution made possible the construction of very effective and cheap recording systems that can record the cosmic ray intensity in real time. • A new type of atmospheric Pressure sensor and registration system that developed by Athens Cosmic Ray Group helped a number of neutron monitor stations that was out of service to be operated again. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  4. Athens Neutron Monitor (Super 6NM-64) 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  5. Neutron Monitor Energy Spectrum The NM stations record the nucleonic component of galactic cosmicrays Cut-off Rigidity Cut-off Energy Polar stations Equatorial stations 106 1022 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  6. Where is there NM Stations? 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  7. Real TimeNeutron Monitor Stations progress • Athens Neutron Monitor station is the 4th full functional real NM station that has been established in the world. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  8. Real TimeNeutron Monitor Stations Properties • Real time recording of cosmic ray intensity, atmospheric pressure and temperature (1 min data – Athens NM station records 1 sec data since 2002 - unique station) • Real time correction of the recorded parameters (every 1 min) • Real time sharing of the corrected and uncorrected measurements to the internet (every 10 min) • Records and shares very good quality Data because of the modern real time acquisition system • Free and without time delay sharing of the measurements to the scientific society 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  9. Space weather vs. Weather 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  10. Space Weather Impact

  11. THE IDEA • Relativistic (galactic and solar) cosmic rays registered by neutron monitors can play a useful key-role in space weather storms forecasting and in specifying magnetic properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), shocks and ground level enhancements (GLEs). • High energy particles come from the Sun in 8-20 minutes after acceleration and escaping into solar wind. The main part of lower energy particles, which cause dangerous situation for electronics and hazard radiation, usually come later in more than 30-60 minutes. For this reason, proton events registered on Earth (GLEs) have a complete profile, well before, the enhancement evolving in the lower energies. • GOES and ACE satellites data can be helpful in space weather forecasting • An Earth’s based neutron monitor network can be used in order to produce a real time forecasting of space weather phenomena. Therefore a fully functioned new data analysis Center in real-time can help on space weather studies. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  12. THE IDEA • Many NM stations worldwide recording the cosmic ray variations in real time and share these recordings in real time too. • Athens Neutron Monitor Station is one of the first Real Time neutron monitor stations and has the ability for running a project like that. • The idea of “The Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing (ANMODAP) Center” is born. • Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing (ANMODAP) Center” has started working since 2004. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  13. THE COLLABORATED STATIONS 23 NM stations providing real or quasi real time data to Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing (ANMODAP) Center ATHENS The use of all stations as a unified multidirectional detector, made the accuracy of the measurements substantially higher (< 0.1% for hourly data) 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  14. GOES and ACE Satellite Data ACE Solar wind temperature (K) Solar wind density (cm-1) Solar wind velocity (km/s) Interplanetary Magnetic Field B (nT) IMF Bx component (nT) IMF By component (nT) IMF Bz component (nT) Dst (nT) GOES Particle Flux (pfu) Particle Flux (pfu) Particle Flux (pfu) X-ray flux (μW/ m2) 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  15. NM stations properties database Timer THE IMPLEMATATION Administration Software for ANMODAP CENTER Creation of a General Configuration Table Scheduler 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  16. THE IMPLEMATATION Scheduler LOCAL DATABASE LOCAL DATABASE LOCAL DATABASE REMOTE STATION REMOTE STATION REMOTE STATION Timer Software operation Station #1 Collector Station #2 Collector Station #N Collector 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  17. THE IMPLEMATATION ANMODAP software looks like 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  18. The ANMODAP Center outputs • Graphical Data • Numerical Data (ASCII format, accessible via ftp site) 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  19. NM Station Network Applications a) GLE Onset • 1 min data from at least three NM stations on Earth and from twoindependent satellite channels are processed in order to search for the start of a Ground Level Enhancement (G.L.E.). • If a GLE is found, central processing server starts collecting data from all real time neutron monitors through the network. • Spectra and other parameters for estimation of the expected CR profiles for lower energies are calculated, at different altitudes several hours ahead. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  20. NM Station Network Applications a) GLE Onset • While 1 min data are collected, the program of the proton enhancement analysis is running. • The proton spectrum will be derived with a better accuracy, while new data are collected in our server with the pass of time. • The obtained alert signal is sent by e-mail or any by other internet service. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  21. NM Station Network Applications a) GLE Onset Data are collected from 4 NM stations (NORILSK, McMURDO, INUVIK AND FORTSMITH) and from the GOES Satellites (Protons above 100 MeV and X-RAY Flux) every 1 min. The Alert program examines the collected data for GLEs. GLE Alert will be transmitted if certain conditions are fulfilled. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  22. PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR GLE ALERTS January, 20 2005 For the event of 24/08/02 FOR THE EVENT OF 28/10/03

  23. NM Station Network Applications b) Geomagnetic Storms A large heliospheric storm, indicated by different space weather parameters, is shown beside , where significant variations in CR density and in the first harmonic of the CR anisotropy, derived from ground level observations, occur simultaneously with dramatic changes in the interplanetary and geomagnetic parameters. Another aspect of the real-time ground level monitoring cosmic rays is the obtaining of the galactic CR characteristics for diagnosing a situation in the heliosphere to predict some dangerous events in Earth’s vicinity. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  24. NM Station Network Applications b) Geomagnetic Storms Current hour data are collected from at least 15 stations (optimum 30). The software that execute the algorithm of the Global Survey Method (GSM) is running. In result the CR density, spectral parameters of density, and three components of CR anisotropy vector is derived for the current hour Amplitude of isotropic variation and charateristics of the CR anisotropy (first harmonic) are put at web site in real time and are the initial experimental data for analysis of the current heliospheric situation. To carry out a more reliable analysis it would be desirable to use these results together with other data on solar and solar wind measurements. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  25. What’s Next? System of data accumulation for multidirectional muon telescopes and neutron monitor stations Properties • Hard real time implementation • GPS synchronization and time stamping • Ethernet connectivity – Internetwork ready • μsec accuracy event recording • Analog parameters measurement and recording • Very low power consumption • Portability - mobility 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  26. What Next? A Study for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle carrying radiation spectrometer networked to the new Athens Center applied to Space Weather events forecasting • It’s proposed a light Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) carrying a Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation spectrometer and networked to the new Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing Center (ANMODAP) applied to space weather events forecasting is carried out. • The ANMODAP capability will be increased collecting data from high atmospheric altitudes of Greek area with the LET radiation spectrometer carried by a special designed UAV. 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  27. What Next? A Study for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle carrying radiation spectrometer networked to the new Athens Center applied to Space Weather events forecasting • The LET radiation spectrometer advantages are: • The very small dimensions, weight and power consumption. • The UAV, powered from photovoltaic generators, flying on high altitudes with propellers on small electrical motors • carrying simple networking equipment • will be achieve long range telecommunication links with terrestrial footprint larger than Greece . 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

  28. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens The new Athens Center applied to space weather forecasting H. Mavromichalaki1, C. Sarlanis1, G. Souvatzoglou1, G. Mariatos1, M. Gerontidou1, C. Plainaki1, A. Papaioannou1, S. Tatsis1 1University of Athens, Physics Department, Section of Nuclear & Particle Physics, Zografos 15771 Athens Greece emavromi@cc.uoa.gr Website:http://cosray.phys.uoa.gr A. Belov2, E. Eroshenko2, V. Yanke2 2 IZMIRAN, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia abelov@izmiran.rssi.ru PHYSICS DEPARTMENT NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS SECTION Cosmic Ray Group http://cosray.phys.uoa.gr 7th Hellenic Astronomical Conference Cephalonia, 8-11 September 2005

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